The pyramidal shaped part located below the pons is called the medulla oblongata. Its length is about 3 cm, width 2 cm and thickness 1.2 cm.
Functions of the medulla oblongata
(i) It acts as a control center for respiration, digestion, constriction of blood vessels, secretion of saliva, heartbeat etc.
(ii) regulates blood pressure, defecation, alimentary canal peristalsis etc. (RRAR) Protects the connection between the brain and the nervous system.
(iii) It gives rise to the 9th, 10th and 11th carotid nerves and controls various functions.