1. Transformation of leaves into spines or scales: To reduce transpiration, the leaves of plants are transformed into spines or scales. Such changes are noticeable in winter plants. The leaves of Fonimansa and cactus plants are transformed into cones.
2. Cuticle coating on leaves: Cutin accumulates on leaves and forms a thick coating. This coating greatly reduces the transpiration.
3. Hair covering on leaves: Leaves are covered with thick hairs. This causes decreased transpiration.
4. Density of leaves: If the leaves are grown densely, the sensation is less.
5. Concealed stomata: The stomata of evergreen plants are concealed. This is called a sinking stomata. As the stomata are obscured, sensation is reduced.
6. Defoliation: Leaves of plants such as shal, teak, mahogany, cardamom etc. fall in winter. As a result, transpiration decreases.
7. Wax and resin coating: Leaves are covered with wax and resin to prevent transpiration.