1. They originate from tropical countries.
2. C4 plants are able to adapt to high temperatures.
3. Temperatures of 30-450C are favorable for their survival.
4. Their leaves have cranial anatomy.
5. They have a layer of mesophyll cells surrounding the bundle sheath of the leaf.
6. Calvin-Basham cycle and Hatch-Slack cycle occur in their mesophyll cells.
7. Their CO2 oxidation rate is high.
8. The photosynthesis rate of these plants is high.
9. Their respiration and photorespiration are less.
10. Their chloroplasts are of two types. Granular and non-granular chloroplasts.
11. Their photosynthesis is best when atmospheric CO2 concentration is 0.10-10 ppm.
12. As the photosynthesis rate of plants is very high, their compensation point is zero (0).
13. As both the C3 and C4 cycles are active in these plants, the CO2 assimilating enzymes are RuBisCO and PEPcase.
14. Oxaloacetic acid (OAA) is the first stable compound produced in the photosynthetic process of this plant.
15. Their photosynthetic rate continues under intense sunlight, stress and high temperatures.
16. They are highly adaptable and grow well in saline soils.
17. They reduce water loss and can be adapted to arid regions. That is, frosty features can be observed.
18. Bundlesheath cells and mesophyll cells contain many plasmodesmata.
19. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase enzyme activity is absent in mesophyll cells of C4 plants.
20. Bundlesheath chloroplasts contain many starch grains, but mesephyll chloroplasts do not contain starch grains.
21. Rubisco enzyme is present only in bundlesheath cells. No mesophyll cells.