Role of artificial reproduction in evolution

  1. Development of high yielding rice: Bangladesh Rice Research Center has developed high yielding varieties like Biri-1, Biri-2, Biri-3, Biri-15, Biri-26 etc. through artificial breeding. Currently, more high yielding rice varieties are being developed.
  2. Development of high yielding wheat: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BRRI) developed 17 varieties of wheat through hybridization. High yielding wheat varieties are – Balaka, Akbar, Kanchan, Barkat, Saugat, BR-27 and BR-28. They have been modified through artificial breeding.
  3. Development of disease-resistant varieties: Disease-resistant varieties are developed by breeding wild disease-resistant crops with arable disease-causing crops. E.g. Mukta (BR-11), Ghazi (BR-14), Mohini (BR-15), Shahi Balam (BR-16) etc. disease resistant varieties of rice. The modified varieties are successfully cultivated in any environment.
  4. Development of Harsh Tolerant Varieties: Through artificial breeding, varieties of plants have been created which can grow in harsh environments. All these varieties can tolerate drought, flood, salinity etc.
  5. Quality Improvement: Changing the characteristics of grains like shape, color, smell, taste etc. through artificial breeding.
  6. Shortening of cultivation period: It has been possible to shorten the cultivation period of crops by 20-30 days through artificial hybridization. Shortening of crop growing season is a revolutionary change.
  7. More adaptability: Plants created through artificial breeding have more adaptability. So can withstand environmental stress. Can survive in any environment.
  8. Simultaneous maturity: Crops that mature at the same time are developed through artificial breeding. It saves effort and money in harvesting.
  9. Changes in the nature of seed shedding: Seeds of many crops are shed in the field. This reduces crop yield and farmers suffer. Seed shedding behavior of crops has been modified through artificial breeding.
  10. Creation of Variation: New varieties are created by artificial breeding. It is creating variation in different varieties of crops. It creates new species. As a result, evolution occurs in plants.

 

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