Phagocytes: The white blood cells that defend the body by eating microorganisms and foreign objects are called phagocytes. They destroy microbes by the process of phagocytosis. They feed on large amounts of bacteria in the diseased area, die and produce pus. The body contains phagocytic cells such as microphages (small), neutrophils, macrophages (large).
Natural Killer Cell, NKC : Natural killer cell is a type of white blood cell or lymphocyte. Chemical substances such as cytotoxin, perforin, granzyme are secreted from these cells. These chemicals create holes in the membrane of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Water enters the cell through these pores. This destroys the cell’s nucleus and the cell explodes.
Interferon: Interferon is a high molecular weight glycoprotein. It is produced by virus-infected cells and prevents the virus from multiplying. This interferon attaches to the membranes of other healthy cells and helps those cells produce new interferons. In this way, the body builds a protective wall.
Complement System: Complement system is a group of 20 types of plasma proteins. These proteins remain inactive and are later converted into active proteins. Activating proteins induce specific and non-specific defense mechanisms. The complement system always helps cells such as NK cells, neutrophils, macrophages, etc. to destroy pathogens.
Inflammation: In the attack of bacteria, the wound of the cells becomes red, hot, swollen and painful. This is called inflammation or response. Histamine is released when a cell is attacked by bacteria. Histamine causes numerous pores in the capillary tube. Macrophages, neutrophils etc. enter the cell through these pores and consume microbes, toxins and dead cells.
Blood clotting: When a wound occurs in any part of the body, the molecule quickly prevents blood clotting and closes the wound. As a result, germs cannot enter the wound.
Cytokines: release antigens after entering the microbial cells. Cytokines are released from cells to destroy bacterial antigens. Cytokines stimulate the body’s immune system.
Fever: When macrophages attack viruses, bacteria and foreign objects, pyrogens are released from the cells. Pyrogens cause rise in body temperature and fever. Germs cannot multiply at high temperatures. The immune system of the body increases.