(i) Creating somaclonal variation through tissue culture technology by selecting superior and superior clones to produce numerous new plant varieties in a very short period of time. Disease resistant varieties, pesticide resistant plants, drought resistant plants etc. have been created through somaclonal variation. AdhI is an improved variety of wheat produced through somaclonal variation.
(ii) New hybrid plants or cybrids are created by mating the protoplasts of two plants with different characteristics in the process of hybridization through tissue culture technology. Cybrids contain a combination of heterozygous mitochondria and chloroplasts with advanced characteristics. Cybrids have been created in plants like potato, tomato, petunia, lemon, tobacco etc. Pomato cybrid plants have been created by mating protoplasts of potato and tomato plants. They are a breed with superior traits.
(iii) Recombinant DNA technology creates the desired genome by introducing desired genes from micro-organisms, plants or animals into cultured embryos or cells. Complete transgenic plants are created from these embryos or cells in tissue culture technology. In this process, insect resistant plants, herbicide resistant plants, high nutritional quality plants (golden rice, potato, soybean, tomato, cotton, tobacco) etc. have been created.
(iv) In the process of tissue culture, new seedlings are created from the dividing tissue of the plant. The dividing tissue is sterile. It is not infected by viruses. Seedlings produced by the tissue culture process are virus free, disease resistant and pesticide resistant. So there is no need to spray pesticides and fungicides on agricultural land.