Fingerprints, marks or marks on human hands are called tip signatures or finger prints. Identification of specific bands from highly variable regions of DNA with radioactive probes is called DNA fingerprinting. The complex process by which an individual can be distinguished from other individuals in genetic information by determining the arrangement of deoxyribonucleotides in DNA is called DNA fingerprinting. Due to variations in DNA (ATGC), every person in the world has a different fingerprint. Fingerprints are required for land registry, marriage certificate registry, biometric seam registration, school attendance confirmation, office staff attendance confirmation, any contract etc.
Discovery of DNA finger print
In 1985 scientist Alec Jeffreys discovered the finger printing method. In 1986 this method was adopted separately.
Collection of samples for DNA fingerprinting
Blood cells (WBC), semen, bone marrow, hair follicles, skin, nails, sputum, saliva, body parts etc. are collected as samples. These cells act as a source of DNA fingerprinting. DNA finger printing requires 1 microgram of banana.
DNA finger print method
Making a photographic pattern of an organism’s DNA in the process of gel electrophoresis is called a DNA finger print or DNA profile. DNA is collected and fragments are cut by restriction enzymes. In the gel electrophoresis process, particles are run over a gel layer. The cysts become progressively smaller and accumulate as aligned bands. Photographic patterns or impressions are obtained from the bands. It is called DNA fingerprint.
Importance of DNA Finger Print
- Any criminal can be reliably identified through DNA fingerprinting.
- DNA finger printing is very effective in identifying murderers, rapists, robbers etc.
- Paternity of the child is determined by DNA finger printing.
- Relationships between close relatives are determined through DNA fingerprinting.
- Genetic databanks and land registries are done with this method.
DNA fingerprinting is better than dermal fingerprinting
Individuals and criminals can be identified by cutaneous fingerprinting or dermatoglyphics. Skin fingerprinting can be changed through plastic surgery. So this method is systematic. But DNA fingerprinting cannot be changed in any way. The DNA fingerprint of any cell, organ or organ in a person’s body is always the same. So DNA finger printing is best in criminal identification.