Mitosis is derived from the Greek word Mitos meaning twisted thread. The process in which the nucleus and cytoplasm of the original cell divides to form two daughter cells and the chromosome number of the daughter cell is equal to the number of chromosomes of the mother cell is called mitosis. Because the number and quality of chromosomes of the offspring cells created in this process are similar to the mother cells, it is called equational division.
Discovery and naming
In 1973, the scientist Strasburger was the first to observe the creation of a nucleus from a nucleus. In 1873 Polish scientist Waclaw Mayzel observed cell division in frog, rabbit and cat corneas and described it in 1875. In 1855, the scientist Rudolf Virchow first explained that new cells are formed by division from previous cells. In 1879, scientist Snyder gave a complete description of the process of mitosis. Mitosis was named by scientist Walter Fleming in 1882. In 1960 Cockraum & Mac-Caulay explained the chemical nature of mitosis cell division. Scientist Walter Whitman called the division of cytoplasm as cytokinesis.
Mitosis is a characteristic of cell division
- Mitosis Cell division occurs in body cells of organisms.
- It occurs in haploid, diploid and polyploid cells.
- In this process, two daughter cells are formed from each mother cell.
- In this process the nucleus and chromosomes of the cell divide once.
- The chromosome number of the resulting daughter cell is equal to the chromosome number of the mother cell.
- Wound healing and necessary cell regeneration is done through mitosis cell division.
- Mitosis cell division occurs in all unicellular and multicellular organisms.
- In this process the division of the nucleus first and then the cytoplasm takes place.
- The development and growth of various organs of the organism takes place in the process of mitosis.
- Mitosis occurs in the formation and growth of the genitalia.
- Mitosis occurs due to cytokines, steroids, lymphokines, EGF, PDGF etc.
- The number of cells increases in the process of mitosis.
- Mitosis causes the cell to increase in size.
Where does mitosis occur?
- All embryonic cells divide into multicellular organisms by the process of mitosis.
- The development and growth of various organs of the organism takes place in the process of mitosis.
- All organelles in multicellular organisms divide by mitosis.
- Mitosis takes place in the stem tip, root tip, embryonic root, flower bud, primary bud, developing leaf, cambium etc. region of the growing plant.
- Mitosis occurs in the formation and growth of the genitalia.
Mitosis causes cell division
- Mitosis cell division takes place to fill the wound in any part of the body.
- Mitosis cell division occurs when the cell has more cytoplasm than nucleus.
- Mitosis cell division occurs when the amount of DNA in the cell is high.
- Mitosis accelerates cell division as protein synthesis occurs in the cell.
- Mitosis Cell division occurs when there is more RNA than DNA in the cell.
- Cell division is induced by cytokinins, steroids, lymphokines, EGF, PDGF etc.
- Mitosis Cell division occurs to increase the number of cells.
- Mitosis Cell division occurs to increase cell size.
- Different types of metabolism take place in cells. Cell division is necessary for carrying out metabolism.
- Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio is maintained through cell division.
Why Mitosis is called Equivalent Division
Mitosis occurs in the body cells of organisms. Somatic cells have a diploid number of chromosomes. In this process two cells are formed from one cell. Both the cell nucleus and the chromosomes divide once in the process of mitosis. The resulting daughter cells resemble the mother cells. The chromosome number of the daughter cell is equal to the chromosome number of the mother cell. Hence, mitosis is called symmetrical division.