1. Self-replication: Each gene can reproduce itself through replication.
2. Mutation: Genes can change the structure of DNA through mutation.
3. Heterocatalysis: Genes can control any property of an enzyme. This is called heterocatalysis.
4. Transmission of Hereditary Traits: Traits of parents are passed on to offspring through genes. Heredity is the process of passing on characteristics of parents to offspring. It is also called genetic transmission.
5. Self-reproductive power: Genes have self-reproducing power.
6. Synthesis: It synthesizes proteins, hormones and enzymes in the body.
7. Control of traits: A trait of an organism is controlled by multiple genes. Again, in some cases more than one trait is controlled by a gene.
8. Body Structure and Metabolism: Genes shape the organism’s body and control metabolism.
9. Creation of new variation: The exchange of genes during sexual reproduction creates new variation.
