1. Transport of water and mineral salts: Xylem tissue transports water and mineral salts from the soil to the plant body. This tissue transports water and mineral salts to all parts of the plant. As a result, water and mineral salt requirements are met in various organs.
2. Food transport: Phloem tissue transports food from the leaves to the plant body. This tissue carries food to all parts of the plant. As a result, various organs store food and food needs are met.
3. Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves and young green stems of plants. Xylem provides the water needed for photosynthesis. Phloem transports the food produced in the leaves. So the role of xylem and phloem in photosynthesis is undeniable.
4. Transpiration: In the process of transpiration, water evaporates through the stomata. As a result water flow is created in the plant body. Xylem controls water flow.
5. Imbibition: Imbibition is the process of absorption of water by plants. Xylem plays an important role in absorbing water in the process of imbibition.
6. Osmosis: In the process of osmosis, water moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Xylem contributes to this process.
7. Stiffness: Xylem and phloem give strength to the plant. As a result the plant can survive any adversity.
8. Providing mechanical energy: Xylem and phloem provide mechanical energy to the plant. Mechanical energy helps plants perform various functions.
9. Wood structure: The word xylem means wood. Xylem forms the wood in the plant body.
10. Fiber structure: The word phloem means bark. Phloem forms fibers in the plant body.