Category: Biology Second Paper

1. Essential amino acid: All amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body are called essential amino acids. For example, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, methionine etc. 10 essential amino acids for children.
2. Non-essential amino acid: All the amino acids that are synthesized in the body are called non-essential amino acids. 12 non-essential amino acids.

All the amino acids that do not participate in the formation of proteins are called non-protein amino acids. More than 700 non-protein amino acids. Of these, 300 are found in plants. Such as Ornithine, Homoserine, Homocysteine, Citrulline etc.

All the amino acids that form proteins are called protein amino acids. Protein is 20 amino acids. Glycine, lysine, valine, alanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, cystine, serine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan and proline.

Amino acids are divided into two categories based on protein structure.
1. Protein amino acid: All the amino acids that form proteins are called protein amino acids. Protein is 20 amino acids. Glycine, lysine, valine, alanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, cystine, serine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan and proline.
2. Non-protein amino acid: All the amino acids that do not participate in the formation of proteins are called non-protein amino acids. More than 700 non-protein amino acids. Of these, 300 are found in plants. Such as Ornithine, Homoserine, Homocysteine, Citrulline etc.

When opposite religion of aliphatic and aromatic is observed in amino acid, it is called heterocyclic amino acid. Eg- tryptophan, histidine, proline etc.

If the side chain group (R) of an amino acid is an aromatic compound, it is called an aromatic amino acid. For example, phenyl alanine, tyrosine etc.

If the side chain group (R) of an amino acid is aliphatic, it is called an aliphatic amino acid. Aliphatic amino acids are divided into five groups.
(i) Monoamino monocarboxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and one carboxyl group is called monoamino monocarboxylic acid. For example, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Glycine, Valine etc
(ii) Monoamino dicarboxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and two carboxyl groups is called monoamino dicarboxylic acid. For example – glutamic acid, aspartic acid etc.
(iii) Diamino monocarboxylic acid: The amino acid containing two amino groups and one carboxyl group is called diamino monocarboxylic acid. For example, lysine, arginine etc.
(iv) Monoamino monohydroxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and one hydroxyl group is called monoamino monohydroxylic acid. For example, serine, threonine etc.
(v) Sulphur-containing amino acids: Amino acids that contain amino groups, hydroxyl groups and sulfur are called sulfur-containing amino acids. For example, methionine, cystine etc.

There are 28 amino acids in plants and animals. They are divided into three categories.
1. Aliphatic Amino Acids: If the side chain group (R) of an amino acid is aliphatic, it is called an aliphatic amino acid. Aliphatic amino acids are divided into five groups.
(i) Monoamino monocarboxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and one carboxyl group is called monoamino monocarboxylic acid. For example, Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Glycine, Valine etc
(ii) Monoamino dicarboxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and two carboxyl groups is called monoamino dicarboxylic acid. For example – glutamic acid, aspartic acid etc.
(iii) Diamino monocarboxylic acid: The amino acid containing two amino groups and one carboxyl group is called diamino monocarboxylic acid. For example, lysine, arginine etc.
(iv) Monoamino monohydroxylic acid: An amino acid having one amino group and one hydroxyl group is called monoamino monohydroxylic acid. For example, serine, threonine etc.
(v) Sulphur-containing amino acids: Amino acids that contain amino groups, hydroxyl groups and sulfur are called sulfur-containing amino acids. For example, methionine, cystine etc.
2. Aromatic Amino Acids: If the side chain group (R) of an amino acid is an aromatic compound, it is called an aromatic amino acid. For example, phenyl alanine, tyrosine etc.
3. Heterocyclic Amino Acids: When opposite religion of aliphatic and aromatic is observed in amino acid, it is called heterocyclic amino acid. Eg- tryptophan, histidine, proline etc.

Amino acids are divided into two categories based on protein structure.
1. Protein amino acid: All the amino acids that form proteins are called protein amino acids. Protein is 20 amino acids. Glycine, lysine, valine, alanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, cystine, serine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan and proline.
2. Non-protein amino acid: All the amino acids that do not participate in the formation of proteins are called non-protein amino acids. More than 700 non-protein amino acids. Of these, 300 are found in plants. Such as Ornithine, Homoserine, Homocysteine, Citrulline etc.

Amino acids are of two types based on requirement.
1. Essential amino acid: All amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body are called essential amino acids. For example, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, methionine etc. 10 essential amino acids for children.
2. Non-essential amino acid: All the amino acids that are synthesized in the body are called non-essential amino acids. 12 non-essential amino acids.

Polar & non-polar amino acids
1. Non-polar amino acids. 10 (alanine, valine, glycine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine,
Tryptrophin and phenylalanine.
2. Polar un-charged amino acids. 5 (serine, threonine).
3. Polar positively charged amino acids. 3 (lysine, histidine).
4. Polar negatively charged amino acids. 2 (glutamic)

The common symbol for amino acids is R-CH. NH2.COOH. Amino acids contain amino group ((-NH2), carboxyl group (-COOH) and side chain group (R).

1. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol.
2. It is a tasteless, sweet or bitter substance.
3. It forms salts with mild acids or bases.
4. They have high melting point.
5. It is bisexual.
6. Its elements are called Zuitter Ions.
7. It is linked by peptide bonds to form proteins.
8. Human body contains alpha amino acids.
9. It contains at least one amino group and one carboxyl group.
10. Amino acids are obtained by hydrolysis of pure protein.