Category: Biology Second Paper

Why is fructose harmful to the human body?

A certain amount of fructose is metabolized in human liver cells. The liver cannot metabolize all the fructose when consuming high-calorie and high-fructose foods. Excess fructose is converted to fat and stored. Accumulated fat causes obesity, type-2 diabetes, cancer, heart disease, etc. in humans. So fructose is harmful to human body. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Chemical structure of fructose

Fructose is a six-carbon chemical compound with the molecular symbol C6H12O6. Fructose can be of two types based on the position of the -OH group. These are D and L fructose. If the -OH group on the 5th carbon of fructose is on the right side, it is called dextrorotatory or D fructose and if the -OH group on the 5th carbon of fructose is on the left side, it is called Laevorotatory or L fructose. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Use of fructose

(i) Fructose is used in making sweets.
(ii) Used in making beverages, cakes, juices etc.
(iii) It acts as a source of energy.
(iv) It is used as delicacy for sick people.
(v) Fructose is used as a substitute for glucose in diabetic patients.
(vi) It combines with phosphoric acid to form esters.
(vii) It is used to prepare culture medium.
(viii) Male semen contains fructose. Therefore, sexual harassment can be proven by checking the presence of fructose in the genitals of women. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Definition of Fuctose

Fructose is a six carbon monosaccharide. It is a reducing sugar. Since it contains a keto group, it is called a ketohexose. Fructose is so named because it was first identified from fruit. Sugarcane, beets, ripe fruits, nectar and honey contain high amounts of fructose. Ripe fruits contain a lot of fructose, so it is called fruit sugar or levulose. Its relative sweetness is 173. Fructose is the largest source of fructose in plants. Augustin Pierre Dubrunfaut discovered it in 1847. 2,40,000 tons of fructose are produced in the world every year. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Use of glucose

(i) Glucose is used as patient food. Quickly energizes the patient.
(ii) It is used in fruit preservation. Prevents fruit rot.
(iii) D-glucose is used to produce vitamin C from bacteria in the Richstein process.
(iv) Glucose is used in the preparation of calcium gluconate drugs.
(v) It plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism in the organism.
(vi) It is used to make citric acid, gluconic acid, bio-ethanol, sorbital etc.
(vii) It acts as a source of energy for sick people. Dr. Siddique Publications
(viii) Glycoproteins and glycolipids are formed from glucose.
(ix) Glucose is used in the process of glycolysis to generate energy.

Different types of glucose

(i) D Glucose (Dextrorotatory): If the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to the right side of the 5th carbon of glucose.
It is called dextrorotatory or D glucose. Its rotation direction is to the right of the chiral center. It is a light activator. All natural glucose is D glucose. Dr. Siddique Publications
(ii) L Glucose (Laevorotatory): If the hydroxyl (OH) group is attached to the left side of the 5th carbon of glucose, it is called Laevorotatory or L glucose. Its rotation direction is to the left of the chiral center. It is a light activator. L-glucose is synthetically produced for use in diabetes medication and endoscopy. (The center along which the carbon molecules are linked is called the chiral center). Dr. Siddique Publications
(iii) α-D glucose and β-D glucose: Carbon 1 of glucose forms an oxygen bridge near carbon 5. A ring structure is formed as a result. An -OH group is generated due to the ring structure. If the -OH group is below the 1st carbon of glucose, it is called α-D glucose and if it is above the 1st carbon of glucose, it is called β-D glucose. α-glucose forms starch and β-glucose forms cellulose. D glucose is always present in the plant body.