Category: Biology Second Paper

1. Plasmids are circular double-stranded DNA molecules.
2. Its molecular weight is 106-200×106 Daltons.
3. It contains small amount of genes.
4. Certain parts of the plasmid can be cut by restriction enzymes.
5. Some plasmids synthesize specific chemicals. Such as Colicin, Vibrin.
6. Number of plasmids is 1-1000 per cell.
7. Replication of plasmids can occur in a semiconservative process.
8. They can move from one bacterial cell to another.
9. It is capable of recombination with other plasmids or roots.
10. It is smaller and different from the original bacterial chromosome.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA located in the cytoplasm of bacteria is called plasmid. It can range from 1-30 micrometers. Lederberg (1952) first used the term plasmid.

The enzyme that is used to cut the specific part of the DNA is called restriction enzyme or RE. Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors or biological knives. When the DNA molecule is cut with a restriction enzyme, two ends are formed. One blunt end and the other sticky end. About 250 types of restriction enzymes have been obtained from bacteria. Scientist Hamilton Smith (Hamilton Smith) and his colleagues (1970) discovered restriction enzymes.

Name of restriction enzyme?

1. Bam HI
2. Hind III
3. Hpa I
4. Eco RI
5. Eco RII
6. Sma I

The enzyme that is used to cut the specific part of the DNA is called restriction enzyme or RE. Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors or biological knives. When the DNA molecule is cut with a restriction enzyme, two ends are formed. One blunt end and the other sticky end. About 250 types of restriction enzymes have been obtained from bacteria. Scientist Hamilton Smith (Hamilton Smith) and his colleagues (1970) discovered restriction enzymes.

Bt gene is harmful to insects but not harmful to animals. The developed countries of the world have conducted extensive research on goats, chickens, fish, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, etc. and proved that Bt eggplant is not harmful. It has not been shown to be harmful to humans. So you can eat Bt brinjal without hesitation.

1. No need to apply pesticides. Production costs are low.
2. It is non-toxic and non-carcinogenic.
3. Soil and environment will be free of toxins.
4. Water bodies and water will be free of toxins.
5. Crop production will increase.
6. Crops are not destroyed because insect attacks do not occur.
7. Insecticides had to be applied 60-180 times to prevent insect infestation. Bt brinjal does not require pesticide application.

1. Bt Uttara

2. Bt Kajla

3. Bt nayantara

4. Bt ISD006

Bt brinjal (Bt) has been produced by introducing genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into brinjal. Besides, these eggplants have been inserted with antibodies and anti-microbial genes. Bt eggplant is a pest and disease resistant variety. Bt brinjal was developed by Mayaco Company of Maharashtra, India.

Crops produced with disease resistance through genetic modification are called GM crops. More than 30 countries in the world are producing GM (Genetically Modified Crop) crops. Bt brinjal is the first GM food crop in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh distributed four varieties of Bt brinjal to farmers on 22 January 2014.

1. Food contains excess protein which is harmful to the body.
2. May cause allergies.
3. Native crops may be lost.
4. Common people have to depend on food producing companies.
5. Normal market systems can fall into the hands of unscrupulous traders.
6. Pests can become resistant to pesticides.
7. Adverse reactions occur on normal ecosystems.
8. Antibiotic resistance genes can harm the human body.
9. Allergens, carcinogens (cancer-causing) etc. can be created in the human body.
10. The purity of the genes may be compromised.
11. In nature, herbicide-resistant weeds may develop.
12. Creating transgenic organisms is expensive and time-consuming.