Gregor Johann Mendel called the carriers of heredity as particles or factors. In 1909 Johansen named this particle or factor as gene. In 1912, scientist Thomas Hunt Morgan proved that genes are located on chromosomes. Indian scientist Har Gobinda Khorana won the Nobel Prize in 1969 for discovering artificial genes.
In 1908, scientist Garrol first introduced the one gene, one enzyme theory. This was later called the one gene one polypeptide chain theory. In 1941, scientist Bidom and Tatum studied the fungus Neurospora crassa and said that specific genes produce specific enzymes.