1. Energy conversion: Chloroplast is the only converter of solar energy in the living world. Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy.
2. Food production: Chloroplast is the only green organelle present in the plant body. It produces sugary food in the process of photosynthesis. As a result, the food needs of the living world are met.
3. Protein production: 70S ribosomes are present in chloroplasts. It synthesizes proteins. So plants that have more chloroplasts produce more protein.
4. Nucleic acid production: Nucleic acid is the most essential element of the organism. Chloroplasts play an important role in making nucleic acids. Nucleic acid acts as the container and carrier of heredity in organisms.
5. Cytoplasmic heredity: Cytoplasmic heredity is a hot topic in modern research. Chloroplastic DNA of cells plays an important role in cytoplasmic inheritance. Heredity holds its own characteristics.
6. Photophosphorylation: Chloroplast produces ATP by combining ADP and Pi in the presence of sunlight. This process is called photophosphorylation. ATP stores and supplies energy.
7. Photorespiration: Photorespiration or light respiration takes place in the chloroplasts of plants. In this process, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. Photolysis is a harmful process.
8. Photolysis: Photolysis occurs in chloroplasts. In this process, H2O is broken down to produce O2.
9. Carbon dioxide fixation: Carbon dioxide fixation occurs in the chloroplast quantum. This phenomenon occurs in the light neutral phase of photosynthesis.
10. Stored material: Enzymes, co-enzymes, DNA, RNA, sugars, proteins, fats etc. are stored in the matrix of chloroplasts.
11. Production of phosphoglyceric acid: It uses absorbed energy to produce 3-carbon phosphoglyceric acid from 6-carbon sugars.