The place on the chromosome where the gene is located is called the locus.

The smallest piece of DNA that is self-reproducing, the carrier and carrier of heredity and capable of causing variation, mutation and evolution in organisms is called a gene.

1. Transmission of parental traits to offspring is discussed.
2. High yielding crop varieties are created through hybridization.
3. Disease resistant crop varieties have been developed through biotechnology. .
4. Improved breeds of fish, poultry and cattle are developed through biotechnology.
5. Fingerprint technology is used to determine criminality and paternity.
6. Treatment methods for color blindness, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, albinism etc. have been discovered.
7. Human life saving drugs, vaccines, enzymes, hormones etc. can be produced.
8. It is possible to create new animals through gene cloning.
9. Variation, mutation and evolution of organisms are known.

Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822 in a poor family in Austria. Was very bright from childhood and passed every examination with flying colors. He graduated from Gymnasium in 1840. He entered a monastery in Brunn, Austria in 1843. Four years later, in 1847, he joined the monastery and received the title of Gregor. Then he joined the preparatory school as a teacher. Then he was sent to the University of Vienna to study natural sciences. But failed to achieve satisfactory results in Physics and Mathematics. In 1854 he returned to Brune and joined as a substitute teacher of science. In 1857, he started researching 34 types of beans in the church garden. After 7 years of research, he published two sources on heredity. He submitted the results of his research to the Natural History Society of Brunn in 1865. The results were published in 1866. In 1901 he was recognized as the father of genetics.

In 1857, Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, began researching 34 types of beans. In 1865, he submitted research papers. In 1866, Experiments on plant hybridization was first published in the scientific journal of the Brunn Natural Science Society. In 1900, Hugo de Vries of Holland, Cermak of Austria and Korens of Germany realized the truth of Mendel’s heredity principles by researching separately. In 1901 the paper was republished in the scientific journal Flora. At this time he was recognized as Father of genetics. According to Mendel, there is a factor in the organism through which hereditary characteristics are transmitted from generation to generation. In 1909, W. L. Johansen named the factor as a gene.

The Greek word genesis means origin (to become). The branch of biology that deals with heredity, structure of genes, variation, mutation etc. is called Genetics. William Batson first used the term Genetics in 1905.

The process by which characteristics like size, shape, behavior, appearance, constitution, anatomy, intelligence etc. of parents are transferred to offspring is called heredity.

Hormone-like chemicals released from white blood cells that can cause physiological changes in cells are called cytokines.

Antigens that induce cytokine release from T cells are called super antigens.

When the body’s immune system decreases, the chances of getting sick increase. This state of the body is called Susceptibility.