Semi-anatropous ovary is horse shaped. For example, Palik, Chhotakut etc.

Campylotropous ovum is called campylotropous ovary. For example – Kalkasunda (Cassia sophera), Mustard (Brassica nigr) etc.

The ovule which is attached perpendicularly to the pedicel and the ovule and ovule are oppositely located is called amphitropous ovule. For example – Poppy (Opium), Khudipana, China Pink (Dianthus chinensis), Sagittaria sagittifolia etc.

An ovule in which the ovule is above, the oviduct is below and the umbilicus is next to the oviduct is called Anatropous ovary. Such as beans, radish, peas, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) etc.

The ovary in which the umbilicus, follicle and oviduct are in a straight line and the oviduct is at the top is called an orthotropous ovary. For example – betel nut, water pepper (Polygonum orientale), pepper (Piper nigram) etc.

The cell which is formed from the amra of the uterus and becomes a seed after fertilization is called an ovule. The ovary contains the ovum.

Ovaries are of 4 types based on location.

1. Orthotropous ovary: The ovary in which the umbilicus, follicle and oviduct are in a straight line and the oviduct is at the top is called an orthotropous ovary. For example – betel nut, water pepper (Polygonum orientale), pepper (Piper nigram) etc.
2. Anatropous Ovary: An ovule in which the ovule is above, the oviduct is below and the umbilicus is next to the oviduct is called Anatropous ovary. Such as beans, radish, peas, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) etc.
3. Lateral ovule (Amphitropous): The ovule which is attached perpendicularly to the pedicel and the ovule and ovule are oppositely located is called amphitropous ovule. For example – Poppy (Opium), Khudipana, China Pink (Dianthus chinensis), Sagittaria sagittifolia etc.
4. Campylotropous Ovary: Campylotropous ovum is called campylotropous ovary. For example – Kalkasunda (Cassia sophera), Mustard (Brassica nigr) etc.
5. Semi-anatropous ovary: Semi-anatropous ovary is horse shaped. For example, Palik, Chhotakut etc.

Inside the uterus, the nucleus of the zygote divides into two nuclei. The nucleus is located at the two poles of the cell. Nuclei of both poles divide twice in succession to form eight nuclei of four each. One nucleus from each pole moves to the center of the cell and fuses to form the secondary nucleus. Among the three upper nuclei, the large nucleus in the middle is the ovum.

Fertilization of sperm and egg occurs in the follicle. After fertilization, the ovum is stimulated. Ovarian changes occur. The ovule changes into a seed. The watery part of the ovule is reduced and the soft part dries up to form a hard seed. Ovule develops into spore, ovule into spore, ovule into ovule, ovule into spore and secondary nucleus into seed.

Inside the uterus, the nucleus of the zygote divides into two nuclei. The nucleus is located at the two poles of the cell. Nuclei of both poles divide twice in succession to form eight nuclei of four each. One nucleus from each pole moves to the center of the cell and fuses to form the secondary nucleus. Among the three upper nuclei, the large nucleus in the middle is the ovum.

Fertilization of sperm and egg occurs in the follicle. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower is stimulated. The uterus grows and changes in its various parts. As a result, the uterus grows. The wall of the uterus forms the placenta. If the ovary of each flower of an inflorescence develops into a fruit, it is called simple fruit or single fruit. Mango, jam, litchi, plum etc. are single fruits. When a single fruit is produced from a complete inflorescence, it is called a compound fruit. Composite fruits like jackfruit, pineapple etc.

The implications/importance of plant female gametophyte development in the biosphere are discussed.

1. Strygamete formation: In this process the strygametophyte develops. The main function of the female gametophyte is to produce female gametes or ovules. An ovule is produced in each female gametophyte.
2. Fertilization: The prerequisite for fertilization is the production of sperm and egg. The female gametophyte produces ovules which participate in fertilization.
3. Origin of seeds: The main source of food in the living world is seeds. Spermatozoa fuse with secondary nucleus of female gametophyte to produce seed.
4. Fertilization: In this process, the ovum unites with the sperm to form a zygote. After the zygote is formed, the ovum develops into a seed.
5. Fruit formation: After fertilization, the ovary of the flower gradually turns into a fruit.
6. Reproduction: After the union of sperm and egg, the ovule of the flower turns into a seed. Most plants on Earth reproduce by seeds. Because of this, female gametophytes play a major role in plant reproduction.
7. Formation of new species: Zygote is formed by the union of two different cells sperm and egg. It gives rise to new species with new characteristics.
8. Creation of Biodiversity: Eggs are produced in strygametophytes. A zygote is formed by the union of sperm and egg. New species are formed from the zygote. Biodiversity is created through new species.

The plant embryo, ovule, accessory nucleus, accessory cell and secondary nucleus together are called strigametophyte.

The female flower of the plant contains sporogenous cells inside the ovary. The sporogenous cell divides or develops directly into the female mother cell. The female mother cell is diploid and divides by meiosis to produce four haploid macrospores or gametes. Spore is the first cell of female gametophyte. Of the four spermatozoa, the top three are destroyed and the bottom remain viable. The nucleus of the viable zygote enlarges and divides into two nuclei in the process of mitosis. The nucleus is located at the two poles of the cell. Each nucleus is surrounded by little cytoplasm and a thin wall. At this time, the female cell turns into a sac-like organ with two poles. Nuclei of both poles divide twice in succession to form eight nuclei of four each. In this condition, one nucleus from both poles moves to the center of the cell and fuses. It is called fusion nucleus or secondary nucleus. The three upper nuclei together are called the egg apparatus. The middle of the oviduct is large

The nucleus is called the ovum and the smaller nuclei on either side are called companion nuclei or synergids. The bottom three nuclei are called antipodal cells.