(i) Birth control pill: Birth control body is made by estrogen and progesterone hormones. One body is consumed from the 5th-25th day of the Raj cycle. It inhibits ovulation and prevents sperm from entering.
(ii) Male condom: A male condom is an oblong pouch made of rubber. It is worn on the linga during intercourse. Ejaculated sperm accumulates in the condom. It prevents pregnancy and prevents disease transmission.
(iii) Female condom: Female condom is an elongated pouch made of rubber. During intercourse it is inserted into the vagina and the male penis is inserted into it. Ejaculated sperm accumulates in the condom. It prevents pregnancy and prevents disease transmission.
(iv) Diaphram: Diaphragm is a cup shaped structure made of soft silicone. It is placed on the cervix of the uterus before intercourse. It prevents fertilization of sperm and eggs and helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
(v) Sponge: A sponge is a sponge-like structure made of soft plastic. It is placed in the vagina before intercourse. It contains spermicidal chemicals that kill sperm.
(vi) Spermicide: Spermicide is a semi-liquid chemical substance like paste. It is placed in the vagina before intercourse. It kills sperm before fertilization.
(vii) Injection : Birth control injection contains progesterone hormone. It’s called Depo-Provera. It prevents egg production for several months.
(viii) Abortion : Birth control can be done by aborting the 2-3 months fetus by operation or chemical application.

Methods or techniques used to prevent pregnancy are called contraceptive methods. Contraceptive methods are:
1. Short term temporary method
2. Long term temporary method
3. permanent method
4. natural method

1. Stopping child marriage: Child marriage is happening regularly in the country. It must be closed.
2. Marriage Rules: According to the law of Bangladesh, the minimum age for marriage is 21 years for boys and 18 years for girls. This law should be strictly implemented.
3. Education spread: Educated people marry later. Family kept small. Having more children is discouraged. So education needs to be spread.
4. Entertainment: Sports, plays, movies and other entertainment keep the mind cheerful and make the person responsible.
5. Social Security: Many people suffer from social security and agree to marry at a young age. So social security of girls should be ensured.
6. Family Planning: Newlyweds should take up family planning.
7. Financial facilities: Government should provide financial facilities to family planning adopters.
8. Number of children: Not more than two children, one is better slogan should be implemented.
9. Contraception: Permanent and temporary contraception can be used.
10. Urbanization: Urbanization helps in curbing population growth. Population growth rate is lower in cities than in villages.
11. Public awareness: It is possible to prevent population growth by increasing public awareness through radio, television, newspaper, facebook, sms etc.

1. Having children at will.
2. Determine the number of children.
3. Determining when a couple will have children.
4. Prevent premature abortion.
5. Avoiding unwanted births.
6. Controlling the rate of population growth.
7. Limit the number of children to two children.
8. Eliminating family poverty.
9. Building a well-educated nation.
10. To improve the economic condition of the country.

Keeping population growth within certain limits as an aid to the development of family, society and state is called family planning. Due to lack of proper family planning, the population of the country is increasing by about 40 lakhs every year.

1. Nutritious food: Pregnant mother should eat balanced food. A pregnant woman weighing 50 kg needs 2500 calories per day. 1 liter of milk, 1 egg, 1/2 piece of fish/meat, 1/2 fruit, vegetables, rice and pulses should be consumed daily. It is good to eat dry dates and beets.
2. Cleanliness: Nails and teeth should be kept clean. Bathe regularly. Clean loose clothes should be worn.
3. Smoking and drinking: Pregnant women should avoid smoking and drinking. This results in low birth weight or birth defects.
4. Exertion: The expectant mother will be able to do normal activities, but will not be able to do strenuous work and lift heavy objects.
5. Rest and Sleep: 2 hours in the afternoon and 8 hours in the night is a must. Always sleep on left side.
6. Travel: During the first three months and the last two months of pregnancy, jerky and tiring travel should not be done. It should be a comfortable journey in a peaceful environment.
7. Vaccination: A tetanus vaccine should be taken in the 5th and 6th months of pregnancy. In this, mother and child are saved from the terrible Dhanushthangar.
8. Medicines: During the first three months of pregnancy, medicines should be taken knowing that they are safe. Medicines can seriously harm the baby.
9. Sexual intercourse: During the first three months of pregnancy and the last one and a half months, sexual intercourse should be avoided. It will prevent miscarriage, premature birth and infection.
10. Pregnancy test: The first test is done at the beginning of pregnancy. Then check once a month until 28 weeks, twice a month from 29-36 weeks and once a week from 37 weeks.

The first test is done at the beginning of pregnancy. Then check once a month until 28 weeks, twice a month from 29-36 weeks and once a week from 37 weeks.
Blood and urine test, blood group, venereal disease, hemoglobin, mother’s weight, blood pressure, leg-hand-leg swelling, fetal growth, fetal position etc. are checked.

A mother who has a child in her womb is called pregnant. The duration of pregnancy is 34-38 weeks.
Objectives of care during pregnancy
1. Improving maternal mental health.
2. Improving maternal physical health for safe motherhood.
3. Making pregnant mothers aware about food and nutrition.
4. Educating expectant mothers about hygiene and baby care.
5. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of complex diseases.
6. Prevent maternal and child deaths.

(i) Structure of pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines.
(ii) Formation of lining of digestive tract.
(iii) Formation of kidney, liver and pancreas.
(iv) Formation of middle ear and tonsils.
(v) Formation of thymus, thyroid and parathyroid.
(vi) Covering of the excretory canal, urethra and urinary bladder.
(vii) Formation of respiratory system and reproductive system.

(i) Formation of the dermis of the skin.
(ii) Formation of dentin of teeth and various parts of eye.
(iii) Formation of notochord, spinal cord, skeletal system, connective tissue and muscular tissue.
(iv) Formation of blood cells, lymph and lymph glands, excretory system, reproductive system and circulatory system.
(v) Structure of stomach and intestinal musculature and renal cortex.
(vi) Heart, the inner wall of the body cavity.