The muscular inverted pear-shaped hollow organ behind the bladder and in front of the rectum is called the uterus. The lower narrow part of the uterus is called the cervix, the middle part is called the corpus and the upper part is called the fundus. The uterine wall is made up of 3 layers. The outer layer is called the perimetrium, the middle layer is the myometrium and the inner layer is the endometrium. Uterus length 8 cm, width 5 cm, thickness 3 cm and weight 60 g. At gestation the length is 20 times and the weight is 1 kg.
Function: The zygote is implanted in the uterus and the embryo develops. Amara is formed from the uterine wall.

There are two muscular fallopian tubes on both sides of the uterus. One end of it opens into the peritoneal cavity and the other end into the uterine cavity. The peritoneal end forms the funnel-shaped Infundibulum and the uterine end forms the Isthmus. Projections called fimbriae emerge from the edge of the infundibulum to form a fringe-like structure. The length of fallopian tube is 12 cm.

Ovaries are the main organ of female reproductive system. There are two walnut-shaped ovaries on either side of the uterus behind the pelvis. 2.5-5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide and 2-3.5 cm thick. It is attached to the uterine wall by the Brood ligament. Mesovarium is covered by membrane. Ovary of mature female consists of interstitial cells, tunica albuginea, primordial follicle, stroma, Graafian cells, corpus luteum etc.
Function: Ovary produces ovum. Estrogen, progesterone and relaxin hormones are secreted from its wall.

The system in the female body that controls egg production, fertilization, implantation and development of the embryo is called female reproductive system. Different parts of human reproductive system are-
1. Ovaries: Ovaries are the main organ of female reproductive system. There are two walnut-shaped ovaries on either side of the uterus behind the pelvis. 2.5-5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide and 2-3.5 cm thick. It is attached to the uterine wall by the Brood ligament. Mesovarium is covered by membrane. Ovary of mature female consists of interstitial cells, tunica albuginea, primordial follicle, stroma, Graafian cells, corpus luteum etc.
Function: Ovary produces ovum. Estrogen, progesterone and relaxin hormones are secreted from its wall.
2. Fellopian tube: There are two muscular fallopian tubes on both sides of the uterus. One end of it opens into the peritoneal cavity and the other end into the uterine cavity. The peritoneal end forms the funnel-shaped Infundibulum and the uterine end forms the Isthmus. Projections called fimbriae emerge from the edge of the infundibulum to form a fringe-like structure. The length of fallopian tube is 12 cm.
3. Fellopian tube: The muscular inverted pear-shaped hollow organ behind the bladder and in front of the rectum is called the uterus. The lower narrow part of the uterus is called the cervix, the middle part is called the corpus and the upper part is called the fundus. The uterine wall is made up of 3 layers. The outer layer is called the perimetrium, the middle layer is the myometrium and the inner layer is the endometrium. Uterus length 8 cm, width 5 cm, thickness 3 cm and weight 60 g. At gestation the length is 20 times and the weight is 1 kg.
Function: The zygote is implanted in the uterus and the embryo develops. Amara is formed from the uterine wall.
4. Vagina: A fleshy shaft located below the bladder is the vagina. Its length is 8-10 cm. One end of the vagina opens to the uterus and the other to the outside. The vaginal wall has numerous folds. The folds are called rugue. Two fleshy rugae cover the vagina. These are called labia majora and labia minora. Above the labia majora lies the sensitive clitoris. Virgin girls have a hymen in their vagina.
work
(i) Accepts penis of any size during copulation.
(ii) Secretes mucous substances which make intercourse pleasant.
(iii) Contains semen.
(R) Facilitates labor by dilating the child.
5. External genetalia
(i) Bartholin’s or vestibular glands: There is one Bartholin’s or vestibular gland on both sides of the vagina. It secretes a slippery substance during intercourse.
(ii) Mons veneris or mons piubis: The labia majora is formed by accumulation of fat on top. It is called mons veneris or mons pubis.

1. Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Secreted from the hypothalamus of the brain. FSH, LH, testosterone hormones regulate sperm production.
2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates spermatozoa by stimulating the seminiferous tubules of the testicles.
3. Testosterone (Testosterone): Produced from the testes. Develops male sexual characteristics and stimulates the testicles. Mineral salts help in digestion.
4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Produced by the anterior pituitary gland. Testosterone stimulates the interstitial cells of the testicles to secrete the hormone.
5. Gonadocorticoid Hormone: Produced by the adrenal gland. Regulates embryonic sex differentiation. Develops sexual organs, gonads and secondary sexual characteristics.
6. Inhibin: Produced by Sertoli cells of the testes. Decreases GnRH and FSH hormone secretion.
7. Androsterone: Produced by the testes. Develops male sexual characteristics and stimulates the testicles. Mineral salts help in digestion.
8. LTH: Produced by the pituitary gland. Develops secondary genitalia.

It is a pear shaped gland. Consists of two parts. base and top. Its wall is composed of muscular and glandular cells. Glandular secretions are released into the urethra.
Prostate gland Work
1. It increases the volume of semen by secreting alkaline fluid.
2. It keeps the sperm alive by soothing the acidic environment.

(i) Prostate gland: It is a pear shaped gland. Consists of two parts. base and top. Its wall is composed of muscular and glandular cells. Glandular secretions are released into the urethra.
Work:
* It increases the volume of semen by secreting alkaline fluid.
* It keeps the sperm alive by soothing the acidic environment.
(ii) Bulbourethral of Cowper’s gland: On either side of the urethra there are two pea-like Cowper’s glands. They join the urethra.
Action: It secretes a slippery mucous substance during intercourse and makes the vagina slippery.

The soft and muscular organ through which the urethra opens to the outside is called the penis. The base of the penis is called the glans penis, the hanging part is called the glans penis, the red umbrella-like tip is called the glans penis and the tip or foreskin is called the prepuce. Muslims and Jews had their foreskins cut off. The penis is made up of elastic muscles called corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum. It is stiff and straight when excited.

Two scrotums are suspended between the two thighs. The fluid in the scrotum is called a hydrocele. It maintains a favorable temperature for sperm production. Protects testicles from stress.

(i) Scotum: Two scrotums are suspended between the two thighs. The fluid in the scrotum is called a hydrocele. It maintains a favorable temperature for sperm production. Protects testicles from stress.
(ii) Penis: The soft and muscular organ through which the urethra opens to the outside is called the penis. The base of the penis is called the glans penis, the hanging part is called the glans penis, the red umbrella-like tip is called the glans penis and the tip or foreskin is called the prepuce. Muslims and Jews had their foreskins cut off. The penis is made up of elastic muscles called corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum. It is stiff and straight when excited.