The bones of the toes are called phalanges. There are 2 phalanges in the thumb and 3 in the other fingers for a total of 14 phalanges.

The bones of the foot are called metatarsal. Its number is 5. Bones are narrow, long, cylindrical and flat.

The ankle bones are called tarsal. Its number is 7. These are calcaneum, talus, cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral).

The next two bones of the femur are the tibia-fibula. The inner thick and large bone is called the tibia. The tibia is a tricuspid bone. Its edges are called ridges. At its upper end there are 2 condyles, 1 condyle, 2 condyles and 1 tuberosity. The lower extremity has 2 elevated parts called malleolus.
The outer thin and slender bone is called the fibula. The fibula looks like a long hexagon. Its head is open. It has the conjunctiva at its upper end and the malleolus at its lower end.

Femur is long, cylindrical, strong and largest bone. It is composed of head, neck and trochanter. Its upper end is the head. There is a lesser and a greater trochanter on either side of the skull. Between the head and the greater trochanter is the trochanteric fossa or hole. The lower end of the femur has two condyles. Between the two condyles are the foramen, the patellar articular surface, and the epicondyles on either side.
At the end of the femur is the triangular patella. The patella is a sesamoid bone. It originates from tendons. The top of the patella attaches to the femur and the bottom to the tibia.

1. It holds the bones of the foot.
2. It gives shape to the hips.
3. Transfers the weight of the body from the spine to the femur.
4. Protects soft organs such as bladder, pelvis etc.

At the junction of ilium, ischium and pubis is a shallow hole called acetabulum. The acetabulum holds the head of the femur.

Between the ischium and the pubis is an almost round hole. This is called obturator foramen. It is covered by a membrane called obturator.

The pubis lies anteriorly below the ilium. It consists of 3 parts. Upper arm, lower arm and body. The superior arm or rami consists of a pubic crest or crest and a pubic tuberosity. The two pubis on either side meet at the mid-digital line to form the pubic symphysis. Pubic arch is less than 900 in men and more than 900 in women.

Ischium is below the ilium. It consists of a main body, two arms or rami, lobes and spines. It has spines on top and tubercles or tubercles on the bottom.