Clavicle is a long, pointed and curved bone. It looks italic. It is also called the voice bone or beauty bone. It consists of a body and two ends. sternum edge and acromial edge. The sternum end articulates with the manubrium and the acromial end articulates with the scapula. The two clavicles are connected by the interclavicular ligament.

The bones at the junction of the hand and the spine are collectively called the vertebrae. Humans have two separate and identical thoracic vertebrae. Each thoracic vertebrae consists of two bones. namely-
1. Beauty bone: Clavicle is a long, pointed and curved bone. It looks italic. It is also called the voice bone or beauty bone. It consists of a body and two ends. sternum edge and acromial edge. The sternum end articulates with the manubrium and the acromial end articulates with the scapula. The two clavicles are connected by the interclavicular ligament.
2. Scapula: Scapula is a flat, triangular bone. Anteriorly it has two extensions called coracoid process and acromial process. At its narrow end is the gynoid cavity. The head of the humerus is inserted into the gynoid cavity. It contains a concave part called the subscapular fossa. Behind it lies a scapular spine. Above the spine is the supraspinous fossa and below the infraspinous fossa.

The bones of the upper and lower limbs together are called the appendicular skeleton. The part of the skeletal system that lies equally on both sides of the axial skeleton is called the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is made up of a total of 126 bones. The parts of the appendicular skeleton are – Pectoral girdle, Forelimb, Pelvic girdle and Hindlimb.

The bones of the upper and lower limbs together are called the appendicular skeleton. The part of the skeletal system that lies equally on both sides of the axial skeleton is called the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is made up of a total of 126 bones. The parts of the appendicular skeleton are – Pectoral girdle, Forelimb, Pelvic girdle and Hindlimb.

Pectoral girdle
The bones at the junction of the hand and the spine are collectively called the vertebrae. Humans have two separate and identical thoracic vertebrae. Each thoracic vertebrae consists of two bones. namely-
1. Beauty bone: Clavicle is a long, pointed and curved bone. It looks italic. It is also called the voice bone or beauty bone. It consists of a body and two ends. sternum edge and acromial edge. The sternum end articulates with the manubrium and the acromial end articulates with the scapula. The two clavicles are connected by the interclavicular ligament.
2. Scapula: Scapula is a flat, triangular bone. Anteriorly it has two extensions called coracoid process and acromial process. At its narrow end is the gynoid cavity. The head of the humerus is inserted into the gynoid cavity. It contains a concave part called the subscapular fossa. Behind it lies a scapular spine. Above the spine is the supraspinous fossa and below the infraspinous fossa.

Bones of upper limbs
1. Humarus: The single and cylindrical bone from arm to elbow is called humerus. It is the first and largest bone of the forelimb. It consists of three parts. Head, body and neck. It has a round head on top. The head is inserted into the genoid cavity. There are two high tubercles (orbuds) on either side of the head. In the middle of it there is a groove or anatomical neck.
The body of the humerus is called the shaft. There is a high mound in its middle region. This is called deltoid ridge. At the lower end of the humerus is the epicondyle. Below the epicondyle lies the condyle. Condyle consists of capitulum and trochlea. Below the trochlea is the olicranon foramen.
2. Radius and Ulna: The two bones below the humerus are called Radius-Ulna. Of these, the outer bone is called the radius and the inner bone is called the ulna. The radius and ulna are connected by a membrane called the interosseous membrane. The upper part of both bones is covered by the annular membrane and the lower part by the antibrachial sheath. The radius consists of the head, neck and lobes at the top and the styloid process at the bottom. Again, the upper part of the ulna consists of the coronoid process, olecranon process, trochlear notch and tuberosity and the lower part the styloid process.
3. Carpal: There are 8 carpal bones, 4 each in two rows of the wrist. The upper row consists of 4 bones Scaphoid or Nevicular, Lunate, Triquetal and Pisiform. The lower row consists of 4 bones Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate.
4. Metacarpal: Metacarpal unstable digit 5. Thumb, Index finger, Middle finger, Ring finger and Little finger. Each metacarpal bone consists of three parts. Head, body and base.
5. Phalanges: Finger bones are called phalanges. The phalanges are 14 in number. There are 2 bones in the thumb and 3 in the other fingers. Distal, Middle and Proximal. They are short and cylindrical bones.

Pelvic girdle
Pelvis consists of two equal parts. Each part is called a hip bone or innominate bone or oscoxia or hip bone. Each hip bone consists of three parts. These are-
1. Ilium: Ilium is a large and flat bone. It consists of body and wings. Its high point is called the ilium crest or ridge. Above it are anterior superior and posterior superior and below anterior inferior and posterior inferior. In addition, the ilium contains 3 gluteal lines, an arcuate line, an iliac fossa and an auricular floor.
2. Ischium: Ischium is below the ilium. It consists of a main body, two arms or rami, lobes and spines. It has spines on top and tubercles or tubercles on the bottom.
3. Pubis: The pubis lies anteriorly below the ilium. It consists of 3 parts. Upper arm, lower arm and body. The superior arm or rami consists of a pubic crest or crest and a pubic tuberosity. The two pubis on either side meet at the mid-digital line to form the pubic symphysis. Pubic arch is less than 900 in men and more than 900 in women.
4. Obturator foramen: Between the ischium and the pubis is an almost round hole. This is called obturator foramen. It is covered by a membrane called obturator.
5. Acetabulum: At the junction of ilium, ischium and pubis is a shallow hole called acetabulum. The acetabulum holds the head of the femur.

Importance of Pelvic Chakra
1. It holds the bones of the foot.
2. It gives shape to the hips.
3. Transfers the weight of the body from the spine to the femur.
4. Protects soft organs such as bladder, pelvis etc.

Bones of hind limbs
1. Femur: Femur is long, cylindrical, strong and largest bone. It is composed of head, neck and trochanter. Its upper end is the head. There is a lesser and a greater trochanter on either side of the skull. Between the head and the greater trochanter is the trochanteric fossa or hole. The lower end of the femur has two condyles. Between the two condyles are the foramen, the patellar articular surface, and the epicondyles on either side.
At the end of the femur is the triangular patella. The patella is a sesamoid bone. It originates from tendons. The top of the patella attaches to the femur and the bottom to the tibia.
2. Tibia and Febula: The next two bones of the femur are the tibia-fibula. The inner thick and large bone is called the tibia. The tibia is a tricuspid bone. Its edges are called ridges. At its upper end there are 2 condyles, 1 condyle, 2 condyles and 1 tuberosity. The lower extremity has 2 elevated parts called malleolus.
The outer thin and slender bone is called the fibula. The fibula looks like a long hexagon. Its head is open. It has the conjunctiva at its upper end and the malleolus at its lower end.
3. Tarsal: The ankle bones are called tarsal. Its number is 7. These are calcaneum, talus, cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral).
4. Metatarsal: The bones of the foot are called metatarsal. Its number is 5. Bones are narrow, long, cylindrical and flat.
5. Phalanges: The bones of the toes are called phalanges. There are 2 phalanges in the thumb and 3 in the other fingers for a total of 14 phalanges.
The bones of the feet are connected by joints. The largest joints are hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint.

1. It protects the heart and lungs from external injury.
2. It participates in the process of exhalation through contraction and expansion.
3. The volume of the body cavity increases or decreases through contraction and expansion

It is a triangular bone. Above it, the first pair of parshukas are attached on both sides.
Body: The next part of the manubrium is the body. It consists of 6 pairs of parshukas.
Xiphoid process: The narrow part below the sternum is called Xiphoid process. It is called strict. It is formed by cartilage in infancy and bone in adulthood.

The compressed bone located in the center of the chest is called the sternum. Its length is 15-17 cm. It is a complex bone. It consists of a jugular notch, a clavicle and 7 pairs of parsicular grooves. It consists of three parts. namely manubrium, body and xiphoid process.

Rib which has one end attached to the thoracic vertebra, but the other end is not attached to the sternum is called a false Rib. 8th-12th pair of parshukas Ribs are duplicate Ribs. Among them, the 8th, 9th and 10th vertebrae join together to form the costal arch. The ends of the 11th and 12th vertebrae are free or floating. These are called floating vertebrae. Between every two vertebrae are external and internal intercostal muscles. The space between the costal cartilages is called the intercostal space.

Those Ribs which have one end attached to the thoracic vertebrae and the other end to the sternum are called original Rib. The first 7 pairs of Ribs are the original Parshukas Rib.

The narrow, long, compressed and curved bone in the thoracic skeleton is called rib. Their number is 24. Each Parshuka consists of three parts. Neck, tubercle and body. Parshukas can be divided into two categories. Namely – real Rib and fake Rib.
(i) Real or True Rib: Those Ribs which have one end attached to the thoracic vertebrae and the other end to the sternum are called original Rib. The first 7 pairs of Ribs are the original Parshukas Rib.
(ii) False Rib: Rib which has one end attached to the thoracic vertebra, but the other end is not attached to the sternum is called a false Rib. 8th-12th pair of parshukas Ribs are duplicate Ribs. Among them, the 8th, 9th and 10th vertebrae join together to form the costal arch. The ends of the 11th and 12th vertebrae are free or floating. These are called floating vertebrae. Between every two vertebrae are external and internal intercostal muscles. The space between the costal cartilages is called the intercostal space.