(i) Stroke or brain haemorrhage may occur
(ii) Paralysis and amnesia may occur
(iii) Heart attack and heart failure may occur
(iv) Dilation of the heart occurs
(v) Visual acuity is disturbed
(vi) Decreased kidney function.

(i) Overweight and accumulation of body fat
(ii) Inadequate physical exertion
(iii) Uncontrolled diabetes
(iv) Smoking and drinking
(v) Eating loose salt regularly
(vi) Consuming excessive fat and junk food
(vii) Hereditary relationship
(viii) restlessness, anxiety, stress etc.

If the blood pressure is higher than a certain level in the normal state of the body and mind, it is called high blood pressure or hypertension. If systolic blood pressure is more than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is more than 95 mmHg, it is called hypertension.

If the blood pressure is higher than a certain level in the normal state of the body and mind, it is called high blood pressure or hypertension. If systolic blood pressure is more than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is more than 95 mmHg, it is called hypertension.
Causes of high blood pressure
(i) Overweight and accumulation of body fat
(ii) Inadequate physical exertion
(iii) Uncontrolled diabetes
(iv) Smoking and drinking
(v) Eating loose salt regularly
(vi) Consuming excessive fat and junk food
(vii) Hereditary relationship
(viii) restlessness, anxiety, stress etc.

Complications of high blood pressure
(i) Stroke or brain haemorrhage may occur
(ii) Paralysis and amnesia may occur
(iii) Heart attack and heart failure may occur
(iv) Dilation of the heart occurs
(v) Visual acuity is disturbed
(vi) Decreased kidney function.

High blood pressure treatment
(i) Keeping body weight within certain limits
(ii) Avoid accumulation of excess fat in the body
(iii) Regular walking, running, exercise and sports
(iv) Abstaining from smoking and drinking
(v) Do not eat loose salt in leaves
(vi) Consuming balanced and moderate diet
(vii) Freedom from anxiety and stress
(viii) Moderate sleep
(ix) Living in a light and airy house.

Cardiology is derived from the Greek words kardia meaning heart and logia meaning study. Cardiology is the branch of medicine that studies human heart diseases, diagnosis and prevention. A trained and skilled doctor is called Cardiologist.

The problems or diseases of the human heart and blood vessels are collectively called Cardiovascular diseases. Structural disorders of the heart are called Coronary heart diseases. Ischemic heart diseases are the conditions caused by the origin of heartbeat or irregularity of circulation. Chest pain is felt when the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed by 50-70% by fatty deposits, and chest pain occurs when it is narrowed by 90-99%. Heart disease is the number one killer disease in the developed world. Because 30% of the total deaths in the world are caused by heart disease. The prevalence of this disease is high between 15-30 years of working life. Notable heart diseases are hypertension, hypotension, coronary heart disease, cardiomegaly (enlarged heart), valvular heart disease (valvular dysfunction), congenital heart disease (born), pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium), cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease), rheumatic disease (heart muscle and valves) etc.

Baroreceptors that regulate blood volume and control blood pressure are called low pressure or volume baroreceptors. A larger baroreceptor than this. They control the blood pressure of the systemic veins, pulmonary veins, right atrium and right ventricle. A decrease in blood volume or volume results in a decrease in blood pressure. This message reaches the hypothalamus. It then comes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Antidiuretic or vasopressin hormone is released from the pituitary gland. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases renal water absorption. The kidneys reabsorb water from the urine and mix it with the blood. As a result, blood volume increases and blood pressure increases.
Vasopressin hormone directly causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure. The renin hormone is produced by the cells of the juxta-glomerulus. It increases blood volume and blood pressure.

The sensory nerve cells in the aortic arch and carotid sinus are called high pressure baroreceptors. They regulate systemic blood pressure and cerebral blood pressure.
(i) Control of low blood pressure: When the blood pressure in the heart and blood vessels decreases, the baroreceptor signal level decreases. This message travels to the medulla oblongata via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Signals from the medulla oblongata are sent to the heart muscle, pressor, and blood vessels. It increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels. As a result, the blood pressure becomes normal.
(ii) Regulation of high blood pressure: When the blood pressure in the heart and blood vessels increases, the baroreceptor signal increases. This message passes through the medulla oblongata. It shuts down the vasomotor center. As a result, blood flow through the heart and blood vessels decreases. As a result, the blood pressure becomes normal.

The sensory neurons in the blood vessels of vertebrates that regulate blood pressure are called baroreceptors. It regulates heart rate and energy and converts abnormal blood pressure to normal blood pressure. Hence this process is called Baroreflex. There are two types of baroreceptors. High pressure baroreceptor and low pressure baroreceptor
1. High pressure baroreceptors: The sensory nerve cells in the aortic arch and carotid sinus are called high pressure baroreceptors. They regulate systemic blood pressure and cerebral blood pressure.
(i) Control of low blood pressure: When the blood pressure in the heart and blood vessels decreases, the baroreceptor signal level decreases. This message travels to the medulla oblongata via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Signals from the medulla oblongata are sent to the heart muscle, pressor, and blood vessels. It increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels. As a result, the blood pressure becomes normal.
(ii) Regulation of high blood pressure: When the blood pressure in the heart and blood vessels increases, the baroreceptor signal increases. This message passes through the medulla oblongata. It shuts down the vasomotor center. As a result, blood flow through the heart and blood vessels decreases. As a result, the blood pressure becomes normal.
2. Low pressure or volume baroreceptors: Baroreceptors that regulate blood volume and control blood pressure are called low pressure or volume baroreceptors. A larger baroreceptor than this. They control the blood pressure of the systemic veins, pulmonary veins, right atrium and right ventricle. A decrease in blood volume or volume results in a decrease in blood pressure. This message reaches the hypothalamus. It then comes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Antidiuretic or vasopressin hormone is released from the pituitary gland. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases renal water absorption. The kidneys reabsorb water from the urine and mix it with the blood. As a result, blood volume increases and blood pressure increases.
Vasopressin hormone directly causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure. The renin hormone is produced by the cells of the juxta-glomerulus. It increases blood volume and blood pressure.

The sensory neurons in the blood vessels of vertebrates that regulate blood pressure are called baroreceptors. It regulates heart rate and energy and converts abnormal blood pressure to normal blood pressure. Hence this process is called Baroreflex. There are two types of baroreceptors. High pressure baroreceptor and low pressure baroreceptor