1. Food shortage: If rice leaf blight disease occurs in epidemic form, rice yield will decrease. Paddy cultivation will decrease a lot. The food needs of the growing population will not be met. There will be extreme food shortage in the country.
2. Economic collapse: If rice disease becomes an epidemic in the country, the production of other crops will be greatly affected. There will be a slowdown in business. Family and national economy will be greatly affected. As a result, the economy will collapse.
3. Agricultural disaster: If rice leaf blight becomes epidemic, rice and other crops will be greatly affected. Paddy cultivation will be stopped for 1-3 years in certain areas. As a result there will be agricultural disaster.
4. Dissatisfaction of farming families: If rice diseases spread in epidemic form, the yield of rice will decrease. Rice production will decrease. Paddy cultivation will be stopped. The agricultural families will be in financial crisis. As a result, there will be widespread dissatisfaction among the populous agricultural families.
5. Forestry Disasters: Rice diseases can spread along with other plant diseases. Different plants can be affected. Plantation operations will be hampered due to disease outbreaks. Tree planting programs may be discontinued. As a result, there will be a forest disaster.
6. Import of food from abroad: Rice production will decrease due to epidemic. Paddy cultivation will stop. There will be food shortage in the country. Food needs to be imported from abroad to meet the food demand.
7. Stop export of goods: Panic will be created in the country and neighboring countries due to the epidemic. Pathogens can spread with different products. Diseases are likely to spread from one area to another and from one country to another. Therefore, the export of goods abroad will be stopped.
8. Stopping industrial production: The raw material of industry is agricultural products. Due to the rice epidemic, the supply of raw materials to the industry will be severely disrupted. As a result, industrial production may stop due to lack of raw materials.
9. Increase in unemployment: Rice production will stop due to epidemics. Other agricultural production will decrease. There will be a slowdown in domestic and foreign trade. Industrial production will decrease. As a result, unemployment will increase.
10. Weed Outbreaks: Crop production can be stopped due to epidemics. Weeds will continue to grow naturally. Weeds will produce lots of seeds. This will greatly increase the prevalence of weeds.

1. Healthy, vigorous, disease-free and disease-resistant varieties should be used. High yielding varieties resistant to leaf blight are Xa4, Xa5, Xa13, Xa21, Xa33, Xa38 etc.
2. The seeds should be treated with fungicide before sowing. The seeds should be treated with bleaching powder (100 mg/ml) and zinc sulphate (2%).
3. Spraying streptocycline on diseased leaves is beneficial.
4. Weeds and garbage on the land should be destroyed or burnt. Paddy straw and other growing plants should be removed.
5. The land should be well dried before sowing.
6. Phenyl sulfuric acetate and m. 10-20 liters of Chloramphenicol should be applied.
7. Water drainage should be arranged.
8. Seed beds should be made on high ground. Plant to plant distance and line to line distance should be scientific.
9. Disinfect the soil by spreading copper oxychloride.
10. Chlorine or bleaching powder should be applied with irrigation water.
11. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in the right amount at the right time. Do not overdose.
12. Diseased rice plants should be uprooted and burnt.
13. Seed borne infection is prevented by soaking in 0.1% Sirisan solution for 8 hours before sowing.
14. Quarantine procedures should be adopted.

Rice leaf blight disease symptoms appear 5-6 weeks after infection. The symptoms are:
1. Disease symptoms on rice leaves
(i) In the initial stage, wet, semi-transparent and elongated spots are formed on the leaves.
(ii) Wet spots 5-10 mm long are seen on petioles, main veins and margins.
(iii) The spots coalesce to form white or yellow striped spots.
(iv) The spots become progressively yellow and gray and become large in size. It is called Kresek.
(v) Diseased leaves gradually dry up and curl up.
(vi) Affected areas appear wavy.
(vii) White sticky sap accumulates on the leaves.
(viii) Milk-colored sticky droplets accumulate on the leaves in the early morning and later dry up to form small orange beads.
(ix) Diseased leaves dry up quickly and plants die.

2. Disease symptoms in rice seeds
(i) Attack of the disease occurs at the time of emergence of the rice grain.
(ii) The glume of paddy becomes scorched by water retention and becomes straw-like in colour.
(iii) Water-soaked small and round lesions are seen on infected paddy shoots.
(iv) Diseased paddy is sterile, the paddy is stunted and yield is reduced by 60%.
(v) Diseased rice grains do not bear fruit.

1. In favorable conditions, the spores of this bacteria survive in the soil for many days.
2. The disease attacks the next crop through rice weed and weed. Subsists on grasses and wild rice as alternative feeders.
3. Bacterial spores can survive in canal water during summer.
4. Bacteria enter the host through plant wounds and hydathodes. Later enters leaf veins.
5. This germ spreads with the help of wind and rain water.
6. This germ spread in the field through ground water.
7. High temperature (25-30°C), high water vapor and rainfall are conducive to disease transmission.
8. The disease is spread by air flow and excess nitrogen in the soil.

Xanthomonas oryzae is a bacterium called leaf blight disease of rice.
It is a rod-shaped bacterium. They are gram negative bacteria. They do not produce spores. Their cells do not have capsules. They have only one flagellum.

Decaying or dying or wilting of plant leaves, flowers, fruits and stem tissue is called blight. Blight disease of rice is called leaf burn disease or collapse disease. Farmers in Japan were the first to discover the disease. In Japan, this disease is known as white rice disease. In Bangladesh in 1986, the existence of this disease was detected in Ropa Aman rice. In 1908, Japanese scientist Takaeshi proved that it is a bacterial disease. This disease reduces rice production by 22,000-110,000 tons per year in Japan.

Decaying or dying or wilting of plant leaves, flowers, fruits and stem tissue is called blight. Blight disease of rice is called leaf burn disease or collapse disease. Farmers in Japan were the first to discover the disease. In Japan, this disease is known as white rice disease. In Bangladesh in 1986, the existence of this disease was detected in Ropa Aman rice. In 1908, Japanese scientist Takaeshi proved that it is a bacterial disease. This disease reduces rice production by 22,000-110,000 tons per year in Japan.

Cause of rice blight disease: Xanthomonas oryzae is a bacterium called leaf blight disease of rice.
It is a rod-shaped bacterium. They are gram negative bacteria. They do not produce spores. Their cells do not have capsules. They have only one flagellum.

Infection or spread of rice leaf blight disease
1. In favorable conditions, the spores of this bacteria survive in the soil for many days.
2. The disease attacks the next crop through rice weed and weed. Subsists on grasses and wild rice as alternative feeders.
3. Bacterial spores can survive in canal water during summer.
4. Bacteria enter the host through plant wounds and hydathodes. Later enters leaf veins.
5. This germ spreads with the help of wind and rain water.
6. This germ spread in the field through ground water.
7. High temperature (25-30°C), high water vapor and rainfall are conducive to disease transmission.
8. The disease is spread by air flow and excess nitrogen in the soil.

Rice Leaf Blight Disease Symptoms: Rice leaf blight disease symptoms appear 5-6 weeks after infection. The symptoms are:
1. Disease symptoms on rice leaves
(i) In the initial stage, wet, semi-transparent and elongated spots are formed on the leaves.
(ii) Wet spots 5-10 mm long are seen on petioles, main veins and margins.
(iii) The spots coalesce to form white or yellow striped spots.
(iv) The spots become progressively yellow and gray and become large in size. It is called Kresek.
(v) Diseased leaves gradually dry up and curl up.
(vi) Affected areas appear wavy.
(vii) White sticky sap accumulates on the leaves.
(viii) Milk-colored sticky droplets accumulate on the leaves in the early morning and later dry up to form small orange beads.
(ix) Diseased leaves dry up quickly and plants die.

2. Disease symptoms in rice seeds
(i) Attack of the disease occurs at the time of emergence of the rice grain.
(ii) The glume of paddy becomes scorched by water retention and becomes straw-like in colour.
(iii) Water-soaked small and round lesions are seen on infected paddy shoots.
(iv) Diseased paddy is sterile, the paddy is stunted and yield is reduced by 60%.
(v) Diseased rice grains do not bear fruit.

Treatment of rice leaf blight disease
1. Healthy, vigorous, disease-free and disease-resistant varieties should be used. High yielding varieties resistant to leaf blight are Xa4, Xa5, Xa13, Xa21, Xa33, Xa38 etc.
2. The seeds should be treated with fungicide before sowing. The seeds should be treated with bleaching powder (100 mg/ml) and zinc sulphate (2%).
3. Spraying streptocycline on diseased leaves is beneficial.
4. Weeds and garbage on the land should be destroyed or burnt. Paddy straw and other growing plants should be removed.
5. The land should be well dried before sowing.
6. Phenyl sulfuric acetate and m. 10-20 liters of Chloramphenicol should be applied.
7. Water drainage should be arranged.
8. Seed beds should be made on high ground. Plant to plant distance and line to line distance should be scientific.
9. Disinfect the soil by spreading copper oxychloride.
10. Chlorine or bleaching powder should be applied with irrigation water.
11. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied in the right amount at the right time. Do not overdose.
12. Diseased rice plants should be uprooted and burnt.
13. Seed borne infection is prevented by soaking in 0.1% Sirisan solution for 8 hours before sowing.
14. Quarantine procedures should be adopted.

What will be the disaster if there is an epidemic of rice leaf blight?
1. Food shortage: If rice leaf blight disease occurs in epidemic form, rice yield will decrease. Paddy cultivation will decrease a lot. The food needs of the growing population will not be met. There will be extreme food shortage in the country.
2. Economic collapse: If rice disease becomes an epidemic in the country, the production of other crops will be greatly affected. There will be a slowdown in business. Family and national economy will be greatly affected. As a result, the economy will collapse.
3. Agricultural disaster: If rice leaf blight becomes epidemic, rice and other crops will be greatly affected. Paddy cultivation will be stopped for 1-3 years in certain areas. As a result there will be agricultural disaster.
4. Dissatisfaction of farming families: If rice diseases spread in epidemic form, the yield of rice will decrease. Rice production will decrease. Paddy cultivation will be stopped. The agricultural families will be in financial crisis. As a result, there will be widespread dissatisfaction among the populous agricultural families.
5. Forestry Disasters: Rice diseases can spread along with other plant diseases. Different plants can be affected. Plantation operations will be hampered due to disease outbreaks. Tree planting programs may be discontinued. As a result, there will be a forest disaster.
6. Import of food from abroad: Rice production will decrease due to epidemic. Paddy cultivation will stop. There will be food shortage in the country. Food needs to be imported from abroad to meet the food demand.
7. Stop export of goods: Panic will be created in the country and neighboring countries due to the epidemic. Pathogens can spread with different products. Diseases are likely to spread from one area to another and from one country to another. Therefore, the export of goods abroad will be stopped.
8. Stopping industrial production: The raw material of industry is agricultural products. Due to the rice epidemic, the supply of raw materials to the industry will be severely disrupted. As a result, industrial production may stop due to lack of raw materials.
9. Increase in unemployment: Rice production will stop due to epidemics. Other agricultural production will decrease. There will be a slowdown in domestic and foreign trade. Industrial production will decrease. As a result, unemployment will increase.
10. Weed Outbreaks: Crop production can be stopped due to epidemics. Weeds will continue to grow naturally. Weeds will produce lots of seeds. This will greatly increase the prevalence of weeds.

1. Thiobacillus, Bacillus denitrificans and Microbacillus bacteria release nitrogen by breaking down soil nitrate in the process of denitrification. It causes lack of plant nutrients in the soil. Soil fertility decreases and crop production decreases.
2. Desulfovibrio bacteria break down sulfate salts in soil to release hydrogen sulfide gas in the desulfurization process. It causes great loss in plant nutrition.

1. Human diseases: human cholera (Vibrio cholerae), dysentery (Bacillus dysenteti), tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), typhoid (Salmonella typhosa), whooping cough (Bordetalla pertussis), pneumonia (Diplococcus pneumoniae), diphtheria (Corynebacterium diptheriae), syphilis (Treponema pallidum). , gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis), plague (Yersinia pestis), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae), anthrax, undulated fever etc. are caused by bacteria.
2. Human Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD): Diseases that are spread from one person to another through sexual intercourse are called Sexually Transmitted Diseases-STD. Sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhea and syphilis.
(i) Gonorrhea: Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. The disease spreads through sexual intercourse between men and women. This disease is transmitted from one body to another by vaginal, oral and anal sex. The disease is spread through sexual contact. The disease is spread through the blood, wounds or kisses of an infected person. Children can get sick from infected bedding, sheets, clothes etc. Children can get gonorrhea from overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. It can cause infertility in both men and women.
(ii) Syphilis: Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. The disease spreads through sexual intercourse between men and women. This disease is transmitted from one body to another by vaginal, oral and anal sex. The disease is spread through the blood, wounds or kisses of an infected person. Syphilis can be spread by sharing the patient’s toilet, bathtub, clothing, food, and swimming pool. Children of infected mothers get syphilis. Symptoms appear within 21 days. However, individuals may develop symptoms within 10-90 days.
3. Livestock diseases: Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis), undulated fever, sheep anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), goat brucellosis (Brucella suis), rat plague (Yersinia pestis), poultry cholera (Bacillus avisepticus) etc. are caused by bacteria. The bacterium causes rot in cattle, downy mildew in poultry, and disease in horses, donkeys, sheep, and goats.
4. Plant diseases: Tundu disease of wheat (Agrobacterium tritici), blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae), gum disease of sugarcane (Xanthomonas vasculorum), canker disease of tomato (Corynebacterium michiganese), crown gall of tomato and rose (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), canker disease of lemon (Xanthomonas citri). , potato scab disease (Steptomyces scabies), apple fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), oat stem rot and potato soft rot (Erwinia carotovora), tobacco blight (Pseudomonas tabacci), cotton leaf spot disease (Xanthomonas mavacearum), bean leaf spot ( Diseases caused by bacteria such as Xanthomonus malvacearum). It greatly reduces the yield of crops.
5. Soil Fertility Reduction / Denitrification: Thiobacillus, Bacillus denitrificans and Microbacillus bacteria break down nitrates in the soil to release nitrogen in the process of denitrification. It causes lack of plant nutrients in the soil. Soil fertility decreases and crop production decreases.
6. Food spoilage and poisoning: Bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Bacillus etc. spoil vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, dairy products and other food products. Clostridium botulinum bacteria produces a toxin called botulinum in food. Botulinum toxin causes botulism in humans. It can kill people.
7. Water pollution: The bacteria that cause cholera, dysentery and typhoid cause water pollution through the feces of patients. Bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio etc. pollute water.
8. Bioterrorism: In the modern era, bacteria may have the potential to be used in harmful microbial warfare. This is called bioterrorism. It is a threat to mankind.
9. Accidents in vehicles: Clostridium growth in aviation fuel can cause serious accidents.
10. Damage to household items: Spirochete cytophaga bacteria causes damage to household fabrics, leather goods and furniture. Desulfovibrio causes lesions in iron pipes and disrupts water supply.
11. Desulfurization: Desulfovibrio bacteria break down sulfate salts in the soil to release hydrogen sulfide gas in the desulfurization process. It causes great loss in plant nutrition.
12. Vehicle accidents: Clostridium bacteria grows in airplane fuel. It can cause a plane crash.

(i) Bacteria decompose dead bodies of plants and animals and mix them with soil. As a result, soil organic matter increases and fertility increases.
(ii) Bacteria like Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Clostridium etc. capture nitrogen from air and mix it with soil. Rhizobium bacteria fix nitrogen from the air in the roots of leguminous plants. Currently, Rhizobium is used as a disinfectant. Three species of Rhizobium form nodules on lentil roots. These are Rhizobium bangladashense, Rhizobium bine and Rhizobium lentis. Bangladeshi scientist Dr. Haroon or Rashid discovered these three species.
(iii) Nitrification process produces nitrite from ammonia under the action of nitrifying bacteria. Nitrite is then produced from nitrite. Nitrate increases soil fertility.
(iv) Bacteria break down the organic wastes of the environment into simpler substances. Complex materials are oxidized making them suitable for reuse. This is why bacteria are called natural scavengers. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Mycobacterium etc. convert petroleum waste into simple compounds in the presence of oxygen.
(v) At present organic fertilizers are being produced by decomposing dung and garbage with the help of bacteria.
(vi) Genetic engineering using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and E. coli bacteria to develop disease resistant high yielding crops. These crops do not need to apply pesticides, fungicides and chemical fertilizers. As a result, the fertility of the land is not lost.