Hydra moves by gliding process to cover very short distances. In this process the hydra moves as slowly as the amoeba. A slippery sap is secreted from the cells of the epidermis of the soles of hydra. It creates a moment from the place of the feet. Momentarily moves forward on smooth ground. At the same time, the Hydra moves forward very slowly. In this way, the hydra very slowly crosses a very small distance.

Hydra’s fast movement mechanism is somersaulting. Each run creates two loops.
(i) In this process the hydra touches the trajectory by the sole.
(ii) Standing upright by resting on the floor.
(iii) Touches the trajectory by the Karshika with the head facing forward.
(iv) Stand upside down by lifting the feet on the karshika.
(v) Release Karshika by resting on the floor and stand upright with the head up.
Thus the hydra moves forward through digbazi.

The process by which hydra moves by creating loops is called looping movement. Hydra exhibits looping movements to cover long distances.
(i) In this process the hydra stands upright on the trajectory by the foot.
(ii) Bends the head forward and touches the trajectory by the Karshika.
(iii) A loop is formed between the sole and the head when the base is touched by the nematocyst of Karshika.
(iv) Then pull the feet closer to the head.
(v) Retouches the trajectory by treading.
(vi) Stands straight again with the head raised on the floor.
(vii) Then moves forward bending the head forward.
By forming a loop like this, the hydra moves forward.

The process by which the organism moves under its own efforts due to biological needs is called locomotion.
Movement of hydra: Different types of movement of hydra are looping, somersaulting, gliding, floating, swimming, crawling, stooping, diving and contraction-expansion of the body.
1. Looping
The process by which hydra moves by creating loops is called looping movement. Hydra exhibits looping movements to cover long distances.
(i) In this process the hydra stands upright on the trajectory by the foot.
(ii) Bends the head forward and touches the trajectory by the Karshika.
(iii) A loop is formed between the sole and the head when the base is touched by the nematocyst of Karshika.
(iv) Then pull the feet closer to the head.
(v) Retouches the trajectory by treading.
(vi) Stands straight again with the head raised on the floor.
(vii) Then moves forward bending the head forward.
By forming a loop like this, the hydra moves forward.
2. Somersaulting
Hydra’s fast movement mechanism is somersaulting. Each run creates two loops.
(i) In this process the hydra touches the trajectory by the sole.
(ii) Standing upright by resting on the floor.
(iii) Touches the trajectory by the Karshika with the head facing forward.
(iv) Stand upside down by lifting the feet on the karshika.
(v) Release Karshika by resting on the floor and stand upright with the head up.
Thus the hydra moves forward through digbazi.
3. Gliding or amoeboid movement: Hydra moves by gliding process to cover very short distances. In this process the hydra moves as slowly as the amoeba. A slippery sap is secreted from the cells of the epidermis of the soles of hydra. It creates a moment from the place of the feet. Momentarily moves forward on smooth ground. At the same time, the Hydra moves forward very slowly. In this way, the hydra very slowly crosses a very small distance.
4. Floating: The hydra moves upside down by freeing the feet. That is, the foot is on the top and the oral floor is on the bottom. Gas and mucus are secreted from the glands of the soles of the feet. The released gas and mucus combine to form bubbles. Hydra floats in water with the help of bubbles. During this time, it floats from one place to another due to the pull of the current or the impact of the waves.
5. Swimming: The hydra frees the body and positions itself horizontally. Makes the karshikas move like waves. At the same time, it also moves the body. In this way, it swims by creating a wave-like movement.
6. Walking: Hydra moves upside down by freeing the soles. That is, the foot is on the top and the oral floor is on the bottom. Places the entire weight of the body on the Karshika. Using Karshika as a foot moves slowly. Dr. Siddiq Publications
7. Climbing: Hydra clings to branches of submerged plants by tentacles. Releases and shrinks the soles. Then put the floor in a new place. Thus changes the space through contraction.
8. Contraction and expansion: Hydra relaxes the body and causes contraction and expansion of muscle cells. In this the body size becomes shorter and longer. As a result, a kind of movement is created and the place changes.
9. Drawing: If bubbles are not created in the body, the body becomes heavy. The body sinks faster due to its heaviness. It is called submerged movement. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The digested part of food is called digesta. Nutrients are absorbed in the cytoplasm and transported to different parts of the body by the process of diffusion. Undigested food particles reach the stomata by contraction and expansion of the body wall and flagellar circulation. After that, it is mixed with the stream of water from the mouth. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Extracellular and intracellular digestion occur in hydra. The digested food is absorbed into the cytoplasm of the transient cells. Absorption of amino acid, glucose, fatty acid, glycerol etc. in the cytoplasm.

The process in which food is digested inside the cytoplasm of the cell is called intracellular digestion.
Partially digested food particles in the cilantro are converted into smaller particles by the contraction-expansion of the body. Some of the food particles turn into liquid with the help of the passage. The food particles then enter the food cavity in the cytoplasm. Enzymes secreted from the cytoplasm digest food. Food is digested first in an acidic and then in an alkaline phase. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The process in which food is digested outside the cells inside the stomach, alimentary canal and celandine is called extracellular digestion. As soon as the food material reaches the cilentron, the mouth pore closes. The prey or food is killed by the action of the enzyme. The contraction and expansion of the body wall breaks the prey into smaller particles. Food is digested under the influence of enzymes secreted from glandular cells. Proteins are broken down into polypeptides. Lipid food is not digested here. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The biochemical process in which various types of enzymes break down complex food into simple and absorbable food is called digestion. Hydra can digest food such as proteins, fats and simple carbohydrates. They cannot digest starch or complex carbohydrates. Undigested food comes out through the mouth. Hydra digestion takes place in two stages. Extracellular digestion and intracellular digestion.
1. Extracellular digestion: The process in which food is digested outside the cells inside the stomach, alimentary canal and celandine is called extracellular digestion. As soon as the food material reaches the cilentron, the mouth pore closes. The prey or food is killed by the action of the enzyme. The contraction and expansion of the body wall breaks the prey into smaller particles. Food is digested under the influence of enzymes secreted from glandular cells. Proteins are broken down into polypeptides. Lipid food is not digested here. Dr. Siddiq Publications
2. Intracellular digestion: The process in which food is digested inside the cytoplasm of the cell is called intracellular digestion.
Partially digested food particles in the cilantro are converted into smaller particles by the contraction-expansion of the body. Some of the food particles turn into liquid with the help of the passage. The food particles then enter the food cavity in the cytoplasm. Enzymes secreted from the cytoplasm digest food. Food is digested first in an acidic and then in an alkaline phase. Proteins are broken down into amino acids and lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Nutrition: The biochemical process in which complex food is converted into simple and soluble food and the undigested part is excreted is called nutrition. Nutrients absorbed by the body replenish, grow and produce energy.

Foraging techniques
Hungry hydra grips the base with the soles and floats the body and gills to catch prey. The nematocysts of the attractor are activated when prey approaches. Different types of nematocysts are ejected as the prey touches the attractor.
Volute nematocyst inhibits prey movement. Glutinants trap prey by secreting sticky juices. The stenotil nematocyst injects a poison called hypnotoxin into the victim’s body and paralyzes the victim. Then the food is brought to the mouth. The stomata are swollen and wide and food enters the mouth. Mucus secreted from glandular cells makes food moist and slippery. As a result of contraction and expansion of the hypostome and body wall, food enters the cilantro.