The part from gizzard to proctodeum is called mesenteron. The junction of the gizzard and the mesentery is called the cardia. The mesentery is called the stomach. The anterior and posterior ends of the stomach have muscular rings or sphincters. It is short and syntactic. It arises from the endoderm and is covered by the peritrophic membrane. The peritrophic membrane prevents food from sticking to the intestinal wall. It protects the intestines from damage. At the junction of the anterior and middle alimentary canal are 6 pairs of hepatic or gastric sica. Hepatic caeca are long, hollow and twisted. Stomach holds food and digests food. Hepatic cica helps in food absorption. Dr. Siddiq Publications