The unit of gene expression is called an operon. Jacob and Mond (1961) proposed the operon model. According to them, an operon is formed by the combination of several genes and their interaction in primitive cells results in the expression of functional genes. They discovered the lactose operon. The operon consists of four segments.
1. Structural genes: It synthesizes enzymes.
2. Driver Gene: It controls the production of protein.
3. Regulatory Gene: A gene that controls the functions of an operon is called a regulatory gene. An increase in the transcription of a gene in a cell is called induction and a decrease is called repression.
4. Promoter or stimulator gene: RNA polymerase enzyme binds to it.
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