Gene action in actual cells is accomplished in three steps.
1. Replication: The process in which another DNA is created from DNA is called replication. DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle.
2. Transcription: The process by which mRNA is produced from DNA is called transcription. Transcription occurs inside the cell nucleus.
3. Translation: The process by which protein is produced from mRNA is called translation. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.