(i) Spiracle: There are two pairs of spiracles in the thoracic region. There is a pair of spiracles between the anterior and middle thorax and another pair between the middle and posterior thorax. Air enters the body through it. Dr. Siddiq Publications
(ii) Wings: Grasshoppers have two pairs of wings in the thoracic region. Medial thoracic or forewing and hind thoracic or hind wing. The front wings are short, narrow and stiff. They do not help to fly. These only cover the hind wings. Hence their elytra or wing cover or tegmina. The hind wings are large, broad, translucent and curtain-like. They help to fly. At rest the hind wings are folded. Each wing is composed of numerous small ducts and blood-filled veins. They are called nerves. Dr. Siddiq Publications
(iii) Legs: The thoracic region has three pairs of walking legs. Moths are called hexapoda because they have six legs on their body. Each leg has five segments. Coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. Coxa stout and triangular. Trochanter is small and triangular. The femur is long, cylindrical and strong. The femur is large and fleshy. The tarsus is divided into three smaller segments. These segments are called tarsomere. At the junction of the two tarsomeres there is a velvety cushion called the plantula. The last segment of the tarsus is called the pretarsus. The tip of the pretarsus has a pair of curved claws. Between the claws is a soft, hairy cushion called the palvulus. Their leg femurs are long and fleshy which is useful for jumping. This type of foot is called saltatory foot.