New substances that are produced from carbohydrates are called derivatives. Carbohydrates are sugar-like substances and most are natural. Some of the carbohydrates are:
1. Saccharin or Sweet-N-Low: Saccharin or Sweet-N-Low is a primitive artificial sweetener. It is 300 times sweeter than sugar.
2. Glucosamine: Glucosamine is a well-known amino sugar in the human body. It is used in the production of glycosylated lipids and proteins. It polymerizes to form chitin. Fungi and arthropods contain chitin.
3. Galactosamine: Galactosamine plays a role in cell-to-cell interactions. It is the main component of cartilage.
4. Galactosamine adenosine: Galactosamine adenosine is an important component of DNA and RNA.
5. Sugar alcohol: Sugar alcohol is a sweet substance. Diabetics use it instead of sugar.
6. Amino sugar heparin: Amino sugar heparin is a granular substance. It resides in the mast cells of the arterial wall. It prevents blood clotting. Dr. Abu Bakr Siddiq
7. Sialic acid: Sialic acid is a sugar amine. It keeps people physically and mentally healthy.
8. Chondroitin sulfate: Chondroitin sulfate is a component of cartilage. It prevents stress.
9. Ascorbic acid or vitamin-C: Ascorbic acid or vitamin-C prevents scurvy.
10. Sucralose or Spinda: Sucralose or Spinda is an artificial sweetener. It is 600 times sweeter than sugar.