Category: Biology Second Paper Lecture Sheet

In the budding state, if the petals or groups of flowers are connected by ends, it is called valvate. For example – China rose, Akanda, Acacia, Ata etc.

In the budding state, if the flower petals or clusters are free from each other, it is called open aestivation. For example – China rose Upavrithi, Gandharaj’s Vrithi etc.

Aestivation is the way in which flower clusters or clusters are arranged in the bud state. Aestivation can be of several types. These are-
1. Open: In the budding state, if the flower petals or clusters are free from each other, it is called open aestivation. For example – China rose Upavrithi, Gandharaj’s Vrithi etc.
2. Valvate: In the budding state, if the petals or groups of flowers are connected by ends, it is called valvate. For example – China rose, Akanda, Acacia, Ata etc.
3. Twisted: If the flowers are twisted or wrapped around each other in bud state, it is called twisted. For example – china rose, Karbi etc.
4. Imbricate: When in bud, one of the two ends of the flowers is outside, the other is inside and the rest are wrapped, it is called imbricate. Like-Krinchchura, Kalkasunda, Badarlathi etc.
5. Quincancial: When in bud, two of the flower petals or clusters are outside, two are inside and the rest is wrapped, then it is called Quincancial. Such as guava, mustard, akand etc.
6. Vexillary: In the bud state, the largest of the flower whorls or clusters covers the two lateral ones and the two lower ones are called vexillary. For example – Beans, Beans, Aparajita, Atsi, Buckwheat etc.
7. Convolute: In the bud state, if the flowers are connected and arranged spirally, it is called convolute. For example – Bhui Akra.

The main axis transforms to form a hookah shell-like structure with a hole at the head. Asexual small florets are located near the aperture and pistils are located at the base. Like-bot, fig etc.

In Cyathium the florets are short and the sepals are interconnected to form a cup-shaped involucre. There is a single pistil in the center of the inflorescence and the pistils around. For example, red leaves.

When many flowers bloom in whorls in the cell of the opposite leaf and surround the entire leaf, it is called Verticillaster. For example – Shvetdrona.

Cymose is a persistently growing pedunculate inflorescence. Different types of Cymos are-
(i) Verticillaster: When many flowers bloom in whorls in the cell of the opposite leaf and surround the entire leaf, it is called Verticillaster. For example – Shvetdrona.
(ii) Cyathium: In Cyathium the florets are short and the sepals are interconnected to form a cup-shaped involucre. There is a single pistil in the center of the inflorescence and the pistils around. For example, red leaves.
(iii) Hypanthodeum: The main axis transforms to form a hookah shell-like structure with a hole at the head. Asexual small florets are located near the aperture and pistils are located at the base. Like-bot, fig etc.

Inflorescence is short and the pistillate flowers are arranged at the apex so that the entire inflorescence appears round. For example, Lajjavati, Acacia etc.

The peduncle is short and the umbel is formed at its apex. For example, coriander, carrot etc.

The pedicels of all the flowers in the inflorescence are equal. So the flowers stay on the same floor. For example – Kalkasunda.