Category: Biology Second Paper

Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, crossed a round-yellow pea (RRYY) with another green-green pea (rryy) to obtain the round-yellow pea (RrYy) in the F1 lineage. A self-crossing of round-yellow beans (RrYy) in the F1 progeny resulted in 9 round-yellow, 3 round-green, 3 shriveled-yellow and 1 shriveled-green beans in the F2 line.

here,

The gene responsible for the spherical trait is R

Genotype RR for spherical trait

 

And the gene Y responsible for the yellow color

Yellow color genotype YY

Consequently, the round-yellow genotype is RRYY

again,

The gene responsible for the stunted trait is r

Genotype rr for stunted traits

 

and the gene responsible for green color y

Genotype in green is yy

As a result, the pale-green genotype is rryy

The first progeny is F1 and the second progeny is F2

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype: Spherical-yellow shriveled-green

Genotype : RRYY rryy

Gamete : (RY) (ry)

F1 Generation : RrYy (round-yellow)

Self fertilization : F1×F1

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype : Round-yellow Round-yellow

Genotype : RrYy RrYy

Gamete : (RY) (Ry) (rY) (ry) (RY) (Ry) (rY) (ry)

F2 Generation (checker board)

Remarks: From the checker board, out of 16 beans, 9 are round-yellow, 3 round-green, 3 shriveled-yellow and 1 shriveled-green.

Phenotypic ratio : round-yellow : round-green : shriveled-yellow : shriveled-green = 9 : 3 : 3 : 1

When two or more pairs of organisms with opposite traits are crossed, only the dominant trait is expressed in the first hybrid male (F1), but in subsequent generations, the traits break up and enter different gametes independently. Such a cross is called a dihybrid cross.

Crossing a black (BB) guinea pig with another brown (bb) guinea pig results in a black (Bb) guinea pig in the F1 line. Self-crossing of black (Bb) guinea pigs in the F1 progeny resulted in 3 black and 1 brown guinea pig in the F2 progeny.

here,

The gene responsible for black color is B

Hence, the black genotype is BB

again,

Gene responsible for brown color b

Consequently, the brown genotype is bb

The first progeny is F1 and the second progeny is F2

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype: Black brown

Genotype : BB bb

Gamit : (B) (b)

1st lineage : Bb (black)

Svanishek : F1×F1

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype: black black

Genotype: Bb Bb

Gamit : (B) (b) (B) (b)

R2 Vamsa (Checker Board)

Remarks: From the checker board, out of four guinea pigs, 3 are black and 1 is brown.

Phenotypic ratio : Black : Brown = 3:1

Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, crossed a tall pea (TT) with another short pea (tt) to obtain the long pea (Tt) in the F1 lineage. Self-fertilization between tall beans (Tt) in the F1 progeny yielded 3 tall (75%) and 1 short (25%) beans in the F2 progeny.

here,

The gene responsible for the tall trait is T

Consequently, the genotype for the tall trait is TT

again,

The gene responsible for the short trait is t

Consequently, the short trait genotype is tt

The first progeny is F1 and the second progeny is F2

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype: tall short

Genotype : TT ​​tt

Gamete: T t

1st generation : Tt (tall)

 

Self fertilition : F1×F1

Parents : ♂ × ♀

Phenotype: tall tall

Genotype : Tt Tt

 

Gamit : (T), (t) (T), (t)

 

F2 progeny (checker board)

Comment: From the checker board, out of four beans, 3 are tall and 1 is short.

Phenotypic ratio : Tall : Short = 3:1

When a pair of organisms with opposite traits are crossed, the traits remain side by side without mixing, but in the next generation the traits break up and enter different gametes separately. Such a cross is called a monohybrid cross.

1. The materials used in the study were very good and ideal.
2. The selected pea plants were perennial and self-pollinated.
3. He works first with one pair and later with two pairs of contrasting signs.
4. Each pair of features was dominant over the other.
5. The traits were located on different homologous chromosomes.
6. He accurately recorded the results of the research for several years.
7. The research results were presented mathematically.Mendelism

Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, studied 34 types of beans for 7 years and introduced two laws of heredity in 1865. Both of these formulas are called Mendelism. One of these is the first formula or the formula of separation and the other is the second formula or the formula of independent union.

1. Beans have multiple recessive genetic traits.
2. Being a perennial, it can easily be cultivated in tubs or gardens.
3. Being bisexual causes self-implantation.
4. Artificial hybridization is easy because the flowers are large.
5. Being a perennial, hybridization results are available very quickly.
6. Plants produced by hybridization are fertile and capable of reproduction.

Gregor Johann Mendel, the father of genetics, studied 34 types of beans for 7 years and introduced two laws of heredity in 1865. Both of these formulas are called Mendelism. One of these is the first formula or the formula of separation and the other is the second formula or the formula of independent union.

Crossing the F1 or F2 progeny with its recessive parent is called a test cross. Again, crossing the F1 or F2 progeny with its recessive or recessive parent is called a back cross. Crossing a tall bean (TT) with another short bean (tt) results in a tall bean (Tt) in the F1 progeny. Here the tall is the manifest and the short is the latent feature. A test cross is made by crossing the F1 progeny long bean (Tt) with the latent short bean (tt). Backcrossing of the F1 progeny with long beans (Tt) is done by crossing the dominant long bean (TT) or the latent short bean (tt).

The table through which the results of genetic tests or research are presented is called a checker board.