Category: Biology Second Paper

Hormones are powerful chemicals that help the body function normally. Men are using synthetic hormones to maintain youth and athletes to gain extra strength and stamina. Human growth hormone (HGH) and steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, androsterone) are the main ones. The problems of using these hormones are:
1. Behavioral problems: Aggressiveness, rudeness and intolerance appear in behavior.
2. Awkward spots: Acne occurs on the skin of the body and face.
3. Baldness of the head: At an early age, the hair on the head grows and baldness occurs on the head.
4. Hair growth: Abnormally more hair grows on the body. This is called acromegaly.
5. Breast Enlargement: Breasts are abnormally enlarged. This is called gynecomastia.
6. Cholesterol levels: HDL decreases and LDL increases in the body.
7. Addiction: People become intoxicated after taking HGH.
8. Heart Disease: Decreased heart function.
9. Organ dysfunction: Kidney, lung, liver etc. organs become ineffective.
10. Cancer: There is a possibility of cancer in prostate gland and liver.
11. Sexual problems: Decreased sperm production and reduced sexual potency.

1. Women tend to make themselves attractive to men.
2. Women’s food intake decreases during menstruation.
3. When the menstrual cycle is off, women get a little irritable and don’t sleep well.
4. During pregnancy, women get a little angry and suddenly cry.

Behavioral changes in men
1. Increased testosterone levels increase sex drive.
2. Low testosterone leads to depression.
3. Excess testosterone increases strength and aggression.
4. Decreased sperm count decreases sexual desire.

1. Dwarfism: Deficiency of STH causes dwarfism.
2. Acromicria: Acromicria occurs when the secretion of the pituitary gland is low.
3. Gigantism: Gigantism occurs when the amount of STH is high.
4. Simond’s disease: Simond’s disease occurs when the pituitary gland fails to function.
5. Addison: Addison occurs when the secretion of the adrenal cortex is low.
6. Cushing’s: Cushing’s occurs when the secretion of the adrenal cortex is high.

Excess thyroxine hormone causes gout. Excitement, insomnia, roughness, irritable mood and emotional tendencies occur in this disease.

Lack of thyroxine hormone causes myxedema. This disease causes fatigue and drowsiness. Hair falls out, skin becomes scaly and the face swells. The voice is croaky like a frog.

Cretinism is caused by underactive thyroid gland. In this, the child becomes chubby, slender and strong. The child is delayed in teething, talking and standing. The child’s inertia and stupidity can be seen on the face. Saliva discharge from the mouth and the stomach is enlarged.

Excess fat deposits on the face, neck and buttocks due to overactivity of the adrenal cortex. This condition is called Cushing’s syndrome.

When an excess amount of growth hormone is secreted in old age, the bones of the human hand and face grow abnormally and take the shape of a gorilla.

If an excess amount of growth hormone is secreted during childhood before bone formation, people become gigantic.