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Anoxia happens when body or brain completely loses its oxygen supply. Anoxia is usually a result of hypoxia. This means that a part of body doesn’t have enough oxygen. When body is harmed by a lack of oxygen, it’s called a hypoxic-anoxic injury.
Symptoms of anoxia
1. Lack of laboratories: Genome sequencing experiments are conducted in various universities, medical colleges, biotechnology institutes, government and private clinics in Bangladesh. But its number is much less than the requirement. Therefore, there is a need to increase the number of research institutes in public, private and private sectors.
2. Scarcity of research equipment: Most of the equipment and materials for genome sequencing experiments are imported from abroad. Therefore, the necessary equipment and materials are not sufficient. Many appliances have been rendered useless. These machines and materials should be produced through indigenous technology. 3. Limited Skilled Researchers: The number of skilled researchers in genetics and genome sequencing research in Bangladesh is much less than required. Many private or private medical institutions do not have skilled researchers.
4. Lack of practical training: Regular training of doctors and researchers needs to be arranged. Regular training is the best tool for efficiency. Therefore practical training should be arranged in public and private ways.
5. Lack of skilled assistants: Most of the assistants employed in research work are unskilled.
6. Financial constraints: Genome sequencing research requires expensive laboratories, skilled researchers and skilled assistants. This requires a lot of money. The public and private funds provided are not sufficient.
1. Applications in paternity determination: Genome sequencing is being successfully applied to identify the father or mother of a fetus. A child inherits half of its chromosomes from its parents. So paternity is being determined by identifying the child’s DNA. This is one of the breakthroughs in genome sequencing.
2. Application in Criminal Identification: Criminals involved in murder or rape are identified through the application of genome sequencing. Blood drops, hair, teeth, nails, semen or semen, body parts etc. are collected from the crime scene. If the amount of sample obtained is too low, the amount is amplified in the PCR process. The genome sequencing of these samples is compared with the genome sequencing of the suspect. This is how criminals are identified.
3. Gene therapy and RNAi: Cure genetic defects using gene therapy. By removing the defective gene from the cell and inserting the healthy gene, the patient is cured of the disease. Viruses, RNAi, antisense or zinc finger proteins are used as carriers of these genes. As a result, the treatment of hemophilia, color blindness, night blindness, cancer etc. has become easier.
4. Stem cells: Cells that can divide for life are called stem cells. B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are stem cells. These cells are used to replace lost organs, make organ cells and test new drugs.
5. Micro RNA: Micro RNA can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as cancer, viral infections, metabolic disorders, inflammation etc. It inhibits the action of disease-causing genes.
6. Genome Scanning: Genome scanning technology allows the complete genome of any organism to be known at low cost and very quickly. In this process, it will be possible to uncover information about 98% of inactive genes in human chromosomes.
7. Nanotechnology: The provision of human health services and food security will be possible through the production of organic matter through nanotechnology.
8. Gene Cloning: Many materials used for human welfare are created by applying gene cloning technology. In the future it will be possible to produce essential items using this technology.
9. GM micro-organisms: In the developed countries of the world, using GM micro-organisms is trying to prevent the level of environmental pollution. GM microorganisms will be used to keep the natural environment clean.
10. Research Institutions: Genome sequencing experiments are conducted in various universities, medical colleges, biotechnology institutes, government and private clinics in Bangladesh. The number of research institutes is increasing in public, private and private endeavors. As a result, the potential for genome sequencing is increasing.
11. Research Materials: Most of the equipment and materials for genome sequencing experiments are imported from abroad. So the cost becomes high. At present several machines and materials are being produced in the country.
12. Skilled Researchers: Bangladesh has skilled researchers for research on genome sequencing and genetics. Researchers are being recruited all the time.
13. Training Arrangements: Regular training is arranged for people engaged in genome sequencing and genetics research work in the country and abroad. As a result, the possibility of genome sequencing in Bangladesh is progressing.
1. Collection of individual samples: Samples are collected for identification of dead and mutilated individuals. Samples are collected from person’s blood drop, hair, teeth, nails, semen or semen, body parts etc.
2. Increasing the amount of sample: The amount of sample should be collected from the person’s body. If the amount of sample collected is too low, the amount is amplified in the PCR process.
3. Sequencing of a person’s sample: In the process of genome sequencing from a person’s sample, the adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases of the DNA molecule are identified.
4. Sequencing of a person’s relatives: The adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases of the DNA molecule of the person’s mother, father, brother, sister, son or daughter are identified.
5. Identification of the dead: matching the DNA sequence of the person with the sequence of relatives. Individuals are identified by matching DNA sequences. In this way, the identification of the deceased is done by identifying or matching the genome sequencing.
1. Collection of samples: Blood drops, hair, teeth, nails, semen or semen, body parts etc. are collected from crime scene.
2. Increasing the quantity of samples: For the identification of criminals, the quantity of samples should be collected from the crime scene. If the amount of sample collected is too low, the amount is amplified in the PCR process.
3. Sequencing of samples: Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases of DNA molecules are identified in the process of genome sequencing from the obtained samples.
4. Suspect sequencing: Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine bases in DNA molecules of crime suspects are identified.
5. Criminal identification: The sequence of the sample DNA is matched to the sequence of the suspect. Criminals are identified by matching DNA sequences.
The ocean is the reservoir of the earth’s abundant genetic material or biodiversity. A spoonful of sea water contains about 109 viruses. Genome sequencing has expanded ocean research.
Quality and growth of biofuel or biodiesel producing plants by applying genome sequencing. As a result, biofuel production increases.
Sequencing of samples from the embryo gives an idea about the baby’s future. How the child will behave, how it will grow, how tall it will be, how strong it will be etc. Genome sequencing of fetuses or newborns can lead to early diagnosis and preventive measures.
Genome sequencing allows the identification of the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine in DNA molecules. Genome sequencing technology has made it possible to determine the structure and function of the three billion nucleotide molecules of the 20,000-25,000 active genes on the 24 human chromosomes. This work took about 13 years (1990-2003).
Genes of interest can be identified by genome sequencing. Such desirable genes are beta carotene gene, insulin producing gene, Bt toxin gene Cryl AC, salinity tolerance gene PHD 45 etc.