Category: Biology Second Paper

What is Biliary Cartilage

The matrix of this cartilage is opaque, elastic and light yellow in color. Yellow colored fibers are scattered in it. The fibers are branched and scattered. It is covered by the perichondrium. It contains cavities called lacunae. Inside the lacunae are chondrocytes or chondroblasts. It is present in external ear, pinna, tongue, eustachian tube, epiglottis, larynx, lymph nodes etc.

What is Hyaline Cartilage

The cartilage matrix is clear, firm, flexible, homogenous, bluish and elastic. It is covered by the perichondrium. It contains no fibers. It contains cavities called lacunae. Inside the lacunae are chondrocytes or chondroblasts. This cartilage is present in the nose, trachea, larynx, larynx, larynx of mammals, bones and embryos of vertebrates.

Cartilage । Characteristics of cartilage

1. Cartilage has no blood vessels or lymph.
2. It has no nerve conduction i.e. no sensation.
3. It takes longer for wounds to heal.
4. The perichondrium is covered by the mantle.
5. It contains chondroitin instead of calcium.
6. Calcium deposits in the cartilage cause the cells to die.
7. Cartilage gradually turns into bone.
8. Contains so much lubricin that acts as a lubricator.

Cartilage । Definition and elements of Cartilage

Cartilage is made up of semi-hard and elastic material called chondrin. Its matrix is ​​composed of proteins called chondromucoid and chondralbunoid. Chondromucoid and chondralbuinoid together are called chondrin. It contains collagen, elastin, proteoglycan, chondrocytes etc. Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes. Clusters of chondrocytes are called lacunae. It is covered by perichondrium.

Joint । Definition and types of joints

The junction of two or more bones or cartilages is called a joint. There are three types of joints.

  1. Fibrous or Synarthrosis Joints: The joints where the bones are connected by fibrous ligaments are called fibrous ligaments. It is of three types.

(i) Suchar (Treaty of Ten)

(ii) Syndesmosis (tibia-fibula joint)

(iii) Gomphosis (joint of teeth and jaws)

  1. Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrosis/Cartilaginous Joints: Bone joints containing cartilage are called amphiarthrosis joints. It is of two types.

(i) Symphysis (pubis symphysis)

(ii) Synchondrosis (joint of cartilage)

  1. Synovial joint: The joint containing oily and slippery fluid called synovial is called synovial joint. It is 7 types. namely-

(i) Pivot (atlas joint)

(ii) Hinge joint (elbow joint)

(iii) Ball and Cotoral Joints (Skandha/Femur Joints)

(iv) Flat joint (Carpal joint)

(v) Saddle (metacarpal joint)

(vi) Ellipsoid joint (carpal joint)