1. Gymnosperms are green, autophagous and evergreen.
2. The main plants are sporophytes and shoots.
3. Their body is divided into roots, stems and leaves.
4. They have two types of leaves. Brown bracts and green foliage.
5. Their leaves are pointed (Pine) and compound type (Cycas).
6. The plant has leaf scars.
7. Their flowers are simple and unisexual.
8. Flowers have microsporophylls or spores and megasporophylls or spores.
9. Their flowers do not have uterus, uterus and uterus.
10. During pollination, the pollen grains fall directly into the ovule opening.
11. As the flower does not have a uterus, the fruit does not form.
12. As the fruit does not develop, the seeds are naked or expressed.
13. Their seeds are haploid and formed before fertilization.
14. Their seeds germinate to form diploid sporophyte plants.
15. They do not become double-toxic (Ephedra does).
16. The number of cotyledons in their embryos is one, two (Cycas) or more (Pinus).
17. They are air pollinated. That is, pollination occurs through wind.
18. Vascular bundles are free, parallel and annular.
19. Xylem does not contain vessel cells (Gnetum does) and phloem lacks companion cells.
20. They are archegoniates. That is, archegonia create.
21. They are heterosporous. That is, two or more types of spores are produced.
22. Most of their species are terrestrial and tropical.
23. Asymmetric or heteromorphic genes exist in the life cycle.