1. Protein Factory: The main function of ribosomes is protein synthesis. It produces proteins in the process of translation. Associated ribosomes produce proteins for use in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgibodies, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane. Free ribosomes produce proteins for use in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Hence it is called protein making factory.
2. Cytochrome production: Ribosomes help in cytochrome production. Cytochrome transports electrons in the cell.
3. Metabolism of lipids: Metabolism of lipids takes place in ribosomes.
4. Phosphorylation: Phosphorylation of glucose occurs in ribosomes.
5. Effects of damaging enzymes: Ribosomes protect polypeptides from the damaging action of proteolytic enzymes and mRNA from the damaging effects of nuclease enzymes.
6. Contains enzymes: It contains protein synthesizing enzymes. This enzyme makes proteins in the process of translation.
7. rRNA Storage: Ribosomes store rRNA.
8. Genetic Code: It determines the meaning of the genetic code. Hence hereditary traits are revealed.
[The ribosomes of primitive cells are chemically different. So when tetracycline or streptomycin drugs are applied to the patient’s body, the protein synthesis of the bacteria is stopped and the bacteria is destroyed. but no harm to the patient]