1. By fissin : Unicellular fungus takes food and grows in size and divides by fission process to produce two new fungi. E.g. Saccharomyces
2. Segmentation: The mycelium of multicellular fungi is divided into two or more segments by injury or physical causes. A new fungus develops from each segment. Such as Saprolegnia, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Penicillium etc.
3. Budding: In a favorable environment, the fungus grows in size by consuming food. Outgrowths arise from the sides of the body. Buds are then produced from the secondary growth. The bud separates from the mother body and gives birth to a new fungus. For example – Saccharomyces.
4. Sclerotium: The hyphae of any fungus intertwine to form a round or cylindrical hard and complex structure. It is called seroacem. Sucrose remains dormant in unfavorable conditions and germinates in favorable conditions. Eg Agaricus, Claviceps, Polyporus etc.
5. Spon: The mycelium of the fungus is mixed with the shelter to form a block. Later it is cultivated and propagated through culture. This is called spawn. eg Agaricus
6. Gima : Nucleus at the apex of fungal hyphae gives rise to unicellular gima with considerable amount of cytoplasm. Gemma germinates in favorable environment to form new mycelium. Eg- Saprolegnia.
7. Rhizomorph: The mycelium of the fungus is interconnected to form thick and tough rope-like organs. It is called rhizomorph. The rhizomorph germinates in a favorable environment to form new mycelium. Like Agaricus, Alternaria etc.