Decreased kidney capacity due to various diseases is called kidney failure. If the kidneys fail gradually over several years, it is called chronic kidney failure, and if they fail within 48 hours, it is called acute kidney failure. A 70-year-old person’s kidneys are only 50% functional. If the kidneys fail, K+ cannot be removed and the heart can stop working. Excess uric acid in the urine causes hyperuricosuria. Excess urea accumulates in the urinary bladder, forming needle-shaped crystals. It is called kidney stone. Kidney health is determined by the level of creatinine in the blood. The main diseases of kidney are – renal failure, hematuria (blood in urine), anuria, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerular nephritis (AGN) etc.