1. Blood test of husband and wife.
2. Hormonal testing of husband and wife
3. Husband’s semen test.
4. Examination of the cervix and uterus.
5. Endometrial and ovarian examination.
6. Examination of female egg production and secretion.

1. Ovulation problems: The process of egg production is called ovulation. If women do not ovulate regularly, fertility problems occur. 10% of women are infertile due to failure to ovulate.
2. Uterine problems: Uterine lesions, polyps, fibroid cysts, tumors, etc. cannot hold the fetus. 5-10% of women suffer from uterine problems.
3. Cervical causes: If there is a wound in the cervix, the sperm cannot enter the uterus.
4. Fellopian tube problems: If there is a wound in the ovary or fallopian tube, the union of sperm and egg is not possible. Therefore, even if eggs are produced, reproduction does not occur.
5. Hyper-prolactinemia: If there is high level of prolactin hormone in the blood, egg production is disturbed.
6. Hormonal imbalances: Ovulation does not occur properly due to imbalance of hormones like estrogen, progesterone etc.
7. Antibodies to sperm: Antibodies against sperm are produced in a woman’s uterus, cervix and ovaries. These antibodies kill the sperm.
8. Congenital abnormalities: Due to birth defects, the structure of the vagina and uterus is not correct. As such, the uterus cannot receive sperm and hold an embryo.
9. Unknown causes: The reason for many women’s infertility is still unknown. Their number is 10%.

1. Retrograde ejaculation: Men cannot ejaculate due to diabetes, sclerosis, spinal injury, prostate gland surgery etc. As a result reproduction is not possible.
2. Absence of sperm: Some men have sperm in their semen. Absence of sperm is called infertility or azoospermia. 5% of men in the world are infertile.
3. Low sperm count: A man’s semen contains fewer sperm than the amount of sperm needed to fertilize an egg. Therefore, the egg is not fertilized. Low sperm count is the main cause of infertility in more than 90% of men.
4. Abnormal sperm: Sperm with two heads or two tails or without head or tail are seen in the semen. These are called abnormal sperm. A high abnormal sperm count can cause fertility problems.
5. Premature ejaculation: The fall of the sperm before entering the male genitalia inside the female genitalia.
6. Premature sperm: If the male sperm is not fresh and active, it cannot attack the egg. Dysfunctional sperm cannot cause fertilization.
7. Impotence: Impotence, impotence, or impotence is when the semen ejaculates before intercourse. An impotent man cannot contribute to reproduction.
8. Hormonal imbalances: Abnormal secretion of testosterone and androsterone hormones causes reproductive problems.
9. Sexually transmitted diseases: Sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS etc. cause low sperm production, sperm health is damaged and sperm movement is obstructed. It interferes with reproduction.
10. Auto-immune: Male blood contains anti-sperm antigens. These antigens kill sperm. This is called auto-immune. Auto-immune males 5-10%.
11. Genetic diseases: Cystic fibrosis gene causes infertility.
12. Congenital abnormalities: Male spermatic cord is damaged or blocked due to birth defects. In this, sperm cannot be released and the male becomes sterile.
13. Varicoceles: Swelling of the pampiniform plexus veins of the male scrotum and blocking blood flow. This is called varicoceles. In erogen, sperm production decreases and sperm health deteriorates. 20% of adolescents and 15% of males are affected.

The inability of a woman or a man to give birth is called infertility. 10-15% of couples in the world are unable to have children. Out of these 20% husband is responsible, 30% wife is responsible, 40% both husband and wife are responsible and 10% cause is unknown.

On May 30, 2001, Feroza Begum gave birth to her first test tube baby under the supervision of Dr. Parveen Fatema, gynecologist of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Medical University. She simultaneously gave birth to three female children. Their names are diamond, gem and pearl. Center for Assisted Reproduction has been established in Shyamoli, Dhaka for the treatment of infertility. In 2001, Fertility Center was established at Square Hospital in Dhaka in collaboration with Mouth Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.

1. There is no guarantee of success with this method.
2. The wife may experience muscle cramps and vomiting.
3. Bleeding and bacterial infection may occur during egg collection.
4. The child is more likely to have a disability or rare disease.
5. Premature babies with low birth weight may be born.
6. This is an expensive method.
7. Many embryos are wasted.
8. Many consider it immoral.

Within 3-5 days of egg collection, dividing embryos are transferred to the woman’s uterus. The fertilized egg is placed through the cervix into the uterus with the help of a narrow tube or catheter. Implantation can be confirmed by ultrasound examination. Pregnancy is considered to have occurred when the embryo is implanted.

The fertilized egg or zygote divides and becomes a multicellular embryo. Embryo growth is monitored for 3-5 days in the incubator.

Semen is collected from male body by suction process. Semen is cleaned in a special process. Healthy and active spermatozoa are then selected and placed in the incubator by rapid rotation.

Eggs are matured by applying hormones. The wife is given painkillers. The hollow needle of the follicular aspiration device is inserted into the woman’s ovaries. The fertilized eggs are then collected along with the fluid. Sometimes the eggs are collected through the umbilical cord with a pelvic laparoscopy instrument. If the woman is unable to produce eggs, donor eggs are collected from someone else. Usually 5-10 eggs are collected and placed in an incubator.