In the process of photolysis, water molecules are broken down to produce oxygen, hydrogen and electrons. Electricity or fuel produced directly from hydrogen and electrons is called green energy. In 2011, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology created an artificial leaf. Place the artificial leaf in water in the presence of sunlight. Electricity or fuel is generated by breaking water molecules under the influence of light to form hydrogen and oxygen gas. Attempts are being made to make electricity or fuel by directly using hydrogen and oxygen created from water in natural ways.

1. O2 produced in photolysis enters the atmosphere and balances the environment.
2. The electrons produced in this process fill the electron deficiency of the photosystem.
3. NADPH+H+ is produced in this process.
4. The energy generated in this process produces carbohydrates in the neutral phase of light.

Chlorophyll that loses electrons undergoes photolysis or oxidation of water molecules to regain electrons. The proton combines with NADP to yield the assimilation energy NADPH+H+. If photolysis does not occur, assimilation energy will not be produced. The most powerful oxidant in biology is P680+.
With the help of enzymes, Mn++ and Cl- ions, two molecules of water (2H2O) are decomposed to produce four protons (4H+), four electrons (4e-) and one molecule of oxygen (O2).
In water NADH+H+ to e- combines spontaneously with oxygen to form water. In the process of photosynthesis, electrons move from water to NADP+ under the influence of energy. Water is produced from high energy NADH+H+ in plants. Again, high energy NADH+H+ is produced from low energy water in photosynthesis process. Oxygen and H+ are produced as byproducts. When the body lacks oxygen, nerve cells die first. Water splitting occurs only in the presence of light hence the name photolysis.

The breaking down of water molecules in the presence of light to produce oxygen (O2), protons (H+) and electrons (e-) is called photolysis. This is also called photo oxidation.

The unit of photosynthesis is the photosynthetic unit. Thylakoids contain photosynthetic units. The photosynthetic unit consists of 300-400 molecules of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, carotene and xanthophyll. It contains various enzymes, phospholipids, sulfolipids, metal ions, quinones, etc. Photosynthetic units absorb light energy and cause photophosphorylation.

Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of sunlight. So the process of photosynthesis takes place during the day. However, photosynthesis is possible even with the application of artificial light.

In 1727, Stephen Hales suggested that plants take nutrients from the air with the help of leaves. In 1905, Blackman divided the photosynthesis process into light and dark stages. In 1931, scientist Van Niel discovered the similarity between photosynthesis in green plants and bacteria. In 1937, scientist Robin Hill proved that water is the source of O2 released in the process of photosynthesis. In 1941 Ruben, Kamen and Randall proved the source of O2 using isotopes. Calvin, Basham and Benson discovered the C3 cycle in 1954. Hatch and Slack discovered the C4 cycle in 1966.

The word Photosynthesis is formed from the English word Photo meaning light and synthesis meaning synthesis. Photosynthesis means the combination of several substances to create a compound. The process of making carbon compounds in cells using light energy is called photosynthesis. The process of absorbing light energy and converting it into stored chemical energy is called photosynthesis. The biochemical process in which green plants combine water and carbon dioxide with the help of chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight to produce sugary food and release oxygen as a by-product is called Photosynthesis. Charles Barnes first used the term Photosynthesis in 1898.
In energetics terms, the process by which green plants absorb photons of light and convert the light energy into chemical energy is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is called oxidation process.

Evaporation is the turning of water into steam from an open space or body of water. It is a physical process. It does not occur in protoplasm or body cells.

1. Transformation of leaves into spines or scales: To reduce transpiration, the leaves of plants are transformed into spines or scales. Such changes are noticeable in winter plants. The leaves of Fonimansa and cactus plants are transformed into cones.
2. Cuticle coating on leaves: Cutin accumulates on leaves and forms a thick coating. This coating greatly reduces the transpiration.
3. Hair covering on leaves: Leaves are covered with thick hairs. This causes decreased transpiration.
4. Density of leaves: If the leaves are grown densely, the sensation is less.
5. Concealed stomata: The stomata of evergreen plants are concealed. This is called a sinking stomata. As the stomata are obscured, sensation is reduced.
6. Defoliation: Leaves of plants such as shal, teak, mahogany, cardamom etc. fall in winter. As a result, transpiration decreases.
7. Wax and resin coating: Leaves are covered with wax and resin to prevent transpiration.