1. Stomata: If the number of stomata in the leaf is more, the transpiration is more.
2. Leaf structure: If spongy mesophyll tissue is more in leaves, transpiration is more. If there is hair and scale on the surface of the leaf, the rate transpiration is reduced.
3. Size and number of leaves: If the size and number of leaves is more, the transpiration is more. As the leaves of Morj plants are small and smooth, the transpiration is low.
4. Root-Stem Ratio: The higher the plant’s root-stem ratio, the higher the transpiration rate.
5. Vigour: The transpiration rate of healthy plants is higher than that of diseased plants.
6. Presence of fluff on the leaf: If the leaf is covered with fluff or chaff, the rate of transpiration is reduced.
7. Water in mesophyll tissue: If the amount of water in the mesophyll tissue is high, the rate of transpiration increases. Again, if the amount of water in the mesophyll tissue is less, the rate of transpiration decreases.
8. Effects of hormones: Hormones like cytokinin, abscisic acid etc help to open the pores. As a result, transpiration occurs.
9. Protoplasm concentration: If the protoplasm concentration is high, the absorption pressure of the cell increases and the rate of transpiration increases.

1. Light: If the intensity of light increases, the rate of transpiration increases. Blue light accelerates the sensation.
2. Temperature: Normal respiration occurs at a temperature of 10-250C. Evaporation rate increases as temperature increases. As a result, the transpiration increases.
3. Airflow: Airflow removes water vapor quickly. It increases the transpiration rate.
4. Atmospheric pressure: As the atmospheric pressure increases, the rate of respiration increases. Therefore, the transpiration rate is higher in high mountains.
5. Concentration of CO2 : The rate of transpiration increases as the concentration of CO2 increases. However, when the concentration of CO2 increases more, the stomata close.
6. Relative humidity: As the relative humidity of the atmosphere increases, the rate of transpiration decreases.
7. Soil water content: If the soil water content is high, the rate of transpiration increases.

In the process of transpiration, the excess water absorbed by the plant roots is released through the evapotranspiration.
If there are more plants in the environment, more water is released in the process of transpiration. The higher the aerial part of the plant, the higher the transpiration. Again, if the number of leaves in the plant is more, the amount of water vapor released is more. The higher the ambient temperature, the higher the rate of perspiration. This release of water increases the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Water particles increase in the atmosphere. Water vapor condenses to form water particles. The environment becomes cold. Water particles combine to form clouds and cause precipitation. As a result, the temperature of the environment decreases. Thus the process of respiration regulates the temperature of the environment.

Biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, absorption of mineral salts, diffusion, osmosis, imbibition, plasmolysis etc. take place in the plant body. A lot of heat is generated in all these biological processes. If these heat accumulates in the plant body, the biochemical work would be disrupted. If there is too much heat, the plant will burn to death. During transpiration, water evaporates through the stomata. Water flow is created in the plant body. Heat from different cells flows with water. As the water evaporates, heat is also released. The more the sensation, the more heat is released. Heat balance is maintained throughout the plant body. Thus, respiration regulates the temperature of the plant body.

1. Water loss: Water leaves the plant body through transpiration. This results in water loss to the environment and the plant body. A palm tree in the desert loses 300-400 liters of water per day in the process of transpiration. A bhutra tree emits 200-300 liters of water per season (3-4 months).
2. Energy loss: Plants waste a lot of energy for respiration.
3. Death of the plant: In case of excessive irrigation, the plant dies due to lack of water.

1. Water Absorption: Through transpiration, water moves out of the plant body and causes water deficit. As a result water is absorbed by the roots.
2. Water Supply: Due to transpiration, water supply is possible throughout the leaves and stems.
3. Food transport: Food is transported to different parts of the plant body as a result of respiration.
4. Cell division: Perspiration indirectly helps in cell division.
5. Physical Growth: Transplantation plays an important role in the physical growth of plants.
6. Extraction of juice: Due to perfusion, circulation pressure deficit occurs. The juice rises upward to equalize this diffusion pressure deficit.
7. Temperature regulation: A lot of heat is generated in various biological processes in the plant body. This heat is released during respiration. Without respiration, the plant would have been scorched to death by the extreme heat.
8. Osmosis: Concentration of cells increases due to perspiration. As a result, the rate of osmosis increases.
9. Prevention of fungal attack: Salt accumulates on the leaf surface due to respiration. This salt prevents fungal attack.
10. Energy release: Most of the heat energy is released in the process of respiration.
11. Flowering and fruiting: Due to respiration, the cells are protected from rosin and flowering and fruiting.
12. Fruit Sweetness: Perspiration helps in fruit formation and increases fruit sweetness.
13. Precipitation: Water vapor released in the process of transpiration condenses and turns into clouds. Rainfall is more in areas where there is more tree cover.
14. Absorption of mineral salts: Due to transpiration, mineral salts are closer to plant roots and can be easily absorbed.
15. Photosynthesis: The water required for the process of photosynthesis is supplied through perspiration.
16. Maintaining water balance: Prasvedana maintains water balance in the plant body.
17. Gaseous exchange: During respiration, CO2 from the environment enters the plant through stomata and O2 leaves.

Water absorbed by plant rhizomes moves from root to stem. Water travels from the stem to the branches and leaves through transport tissue. Water reaches palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma cells through leaf veins. Due to the heat and pressure of the leaves, the water turns into vapor and accumulates in the intercellular spaces and stomatal chambers. When the stomata open, the vapors are released into the atmosphere by the process of transpiration. Diffusion processes are accelerated when air humidity is low and the rate of transmission increases. The stomata of plants are open during the day and respiration takes place. The stomata are fully open from 10-11 am and 2-3 pm. Other times are partially open. The stomata of plants like orchids, cactus, pineapple etc. are open at night.

1. Stomatal transpiration: When the excess water absorbed by the roots of the plant evaporates through the stomata, it is called stomatal transpiration. Leaves are the main sensory organ. However, the sepals and petals of flowers have leaf pores. 95-98% of the total respiration in plants is stomatal respiration.
2. Cuticular transpiration: When the excess water absorbed by the root of the plant evaporates through cutin or cuticle, it is called cuticular transpiration. Cutin or cuticle is a covering of the outer skin to protect the plant body from desiccation. Water evaporates through the cuticle. 5-10% of total plant respiration is cuticular respiration.
3. Lenticular transpiration: When the excess water absorbed by the roots of the plant evaporates through the lenticels, it is called lenticular transpiration. During the secondary growth of the plant, lenticels form in place of the cork tissue. Water evaporates through the lenticels. Lenticular respiration accounts for 1% of total plant respiration. Such sensations occur at all times of the day and night.

The process in which excess water absorbed by plant roots is released by evaporation through aerial organs is called transpiration or transpiration. Only 1-2% of the water absorbed by plant roots is used for biological purposes and 98-99% is lost through evaporation. Leaves are the main sensory organs of plants. According to the scientist Curtis, perception is a necessary evil. Perspiration rate is determined by Ganong Potometer. The report is divided into three parts.

1. Light: Intense sunlight increases the temperature of the atmosphere and decreases the relative humidity of the air. It opens the pores. Blue light accelerates pore opening. In some CAM plants (pineapple) the stomata are open at night.
2. Relative humidity: When the relative humidity of the atmosphere is low, the stomata open faster. Again, if the relative humidity of the atmosphere is high, the stomata close.
3. Atmospheric pressure: When the atmospheric pressure is low, the stomata open and when the atmospheric pressure is high, the stomata close.
4. Potassium Ion: Potassium ion helps to open the pores.
5. Water: When water enters the guard cell, the stomata open and when water leaves, the stomata close.
6. Temperature: At high temperature the stomata widen and at low temperature the stomata narrow. Therefore, when the temperature increases, the stomata open.
7. Effect of hormones: Hormones like cytokinin, abscisic acid etc help to open pores.
8. Concentration of CO2 in air: CO2 helps open stomata. But when the concentration of CO2 is high, the stomata close.