All organisms on earth have the same genetic code. That is, the genetic code never changes depending on the type or structure of the organism. For example, the AUA genetic code carries the signal for the amino acid called methionine in all organisms on earth, including viruses and bacteria.

The three nitrogen bases of the genetic code are never arranged in an overlapping or overlapping manner. (If the genetic code overlaps, four amino acids will be specified by 6 nitrogen bases and seven by 9 nitrogen bases. On the other hand, if the genetic code is not overlapped, two amino acids will be specified by 6 nitrogen bases and three amino acids will be specified by 9 nitrogen bases). In 1965, scientist Hargobind Khorana proved that the nitrogen bases of the genetic code are non-overlapping. For example- CGUCGCCGA.

The genetic code works continuously without interruption. That is, there are no extra nucleotides or gaps between two adjacent codons. For example- GUUGUCGUAGUG.

The genetic code is triplets. That is, the three nitrogenous bases carry the code or signal for amino acids to form proteins. In 1954, scientist George Gamow proved that the genetic code is triplet or 3-letter code in nature. Eg AGU, AGC, AGA, AGG etc.

1. Triplet code: The genetic code is triplets. That is, the three nitrogenous bases carry the code or signal for amino acids to form proteins. In 1954, scientist George Gamow proved that the genetic code is triplet or 3-letter code in nature. Eg AGU, AGC, AGA, AGG etc.
2. Genetic code is continuous: The genetic code works continuously without interruption. That is, there are no extra nucleotides or gaps between two adjacent codons. For example- GUUGUCGUAGUG.
3. Genetic code is non-overlapping: The three nitrogen bases of the genetic code are never arranged in an overlapping or overlapping manner. (If the genetic code overlaps, four amino acids will be specified by 6 nitrogen bases and seven by 9 nitrogen bases. On the other hand, if the genetic code is not overlapped, two amino acids will be specified by 6 nitrogen bases and three amino acids will be specified by 9 nitrogen bases). In 1965, scientist Hargobind Khorana proved that the nitrogen bases of the genetic code are non-overlapping. For example- CGUCGCCGA.
4. Genetic code is universal: All organisms on earth have the same genetic code. That is, the genetic code never changes depending on the type or structure of the organism. For example, the AUA genetic code carries the signal for the amino acid called methionine in all organisms on earth, including viruses and bacteria.
5. Genetic Code Has Polarity: Genetic codes contain genetic information from DNA in a specific sequence. The genetic code always carries signals in the 5→3 pathway. So the polarity of the genetic code is 5→3.
6. Degeneracy: If a genetic code carries the signal of an amino acid, it is called ambiguous or Degeneracy. For example, a code carrying the signal for tryptophin is UGG.
7. Degenerative genetic code: When multiple genes carry the signal of a single amino acid, it is called redundant or redundant. For example, six codes UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC carry the signal of serine.

If three nitrogen bases form a code, the arrangement or assembly of four nitrogen bases will be 4×4×4=64. That is, the triplet codon number is 64. 64 codes can code for 20 amino acids. The number of functional codons is 61 and termination codons are 3. In 1964, Nirenberg and Matthaei discovered 64 triplet codes for 20 amino acids.

Those codons that terminate protein synthesis are called termination or stop codons. The stop codons are UAA, UAG and UGA. They do not provide any signal for the formation of amino acids. Hence they are called non sense codons.

All codons that initiate protein synthesis are called start codons or initial codons. The start codon is AUG. Amino acids that initiate protein synthesis are methionine (true cells) and formyl methionine (primitive cells).

All the codons that provide signals for the creation of amino acids are called sense codons. There are 61 sense codons for 20 amino acids.

There are 3 types of genetic codons.
1. Sense codon: All the codons that provide signals for the creation of amino acids are called sense codons. There are 61 sense codons for 20 amino acids.
2. Start codon: All codons that initiate protein synthesis are called start codons or initial codons. The start codon is AUG. Amino acids that initiate protein synthesis are methionine (true cells) and formyl methionine (primitive cells).
3. Stop codon: Those codons that terminate protein synthesis are called termination or stop codons. The stop codons are UAA, UAG and UGA. They do not provide any signal for the formation of amino acids. Hence they are called non sense codons.