The trachea and tracheoles of grasshoppers are distributed in different parts of the body like a network and exchange gaseous substances. As their blood does not contain oxygen, it does not play any role in respiration. Inhales and exhales mainly through the trachea. Inhalation and exhalation processes are discussed.
1. Inspiration: Abdominal segments expand with muscle expansion. As a result, the volume of the inner cavity of the trachea increases. At this time the first four pairs of trachea open. Air containing oxygen from the environment enters the tracheal cavity through the trachea. Later oxygen from trachea reaches tracheole. Due to the thin wall of the tracheole, oxygen enters the body cells in the process of diffusion.
2. Expiration: CO2 is produced as a result of metabolism in body cells. The CO2 produced enters the tracheole in the process of diffusion. Then CO2 from the tracheole enters the trachea. During this time muscle contraction occurs. It compresses the trachea of the abdominal cavity and reduces the volume of the tracheal cavity. As a result, the remaining six airways are opened. CO2 present in the trachea is forcefully expelled through these spiracles.

The trachea divides to form fine branches called tracheole. It is unicellular, without intima and tinidia and unbranched. Its diameter is 1 µm. It is filled with fluid. Oxygen and CO2 circulate in this liquid. Some branches of the trachea expand to form air sacs. Air is stored in the air sac. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Trachea is the main respiratory organ of grasshopper. It is fine, elastic and branched. Trachea wall consists of three layers. outer epidermis, middle epithelial and inner intima. Inside the trachea the intima forms a spiral or ring-like ring. These rings are called tinidia. Trachea never goes silent because of tineaea. The main trachea are arranged longitudinally and transversely to form 3 pairs of tracheal cords. These are the dorsal longitudinal tracheal cord, the lateral longitudinal tracheal cord, and the lateral longitudinal tracheal cord. Air flows through the trachea to the entire body.

There are 10 pairs of spiracles in the pleura on both sides of the body. Of these, 2 pairs are located in the thoracic region and 8 pairs are located in the abdominal region. Each spiracle has a distinct ovoid pore. Spiracles are covered by peritrim. Pores are lined with hairy sieves. The bristled filter prevents the ingress of dust, germs and water.

The respiratory system of the grasshopper is called the tracheal system. The trachea or trachea and its branches join together to form a special type of respiratory system called tracheal system. Oxygen from the environment enters the body cells through the branches of the trachea and CO2 is released from the body cells in the same way. Different parts of the tracheal system are trachea, trachea and tracheole.
1. Spiracles: There are 10 pairs of spiracles in the pleura on both sides of the body. Of these, 2 pairs are located in the thoracic region and 8 pairs are located in the abdominal region. Each spiracle has a distinct ovoid pore. Spiracles are covered by peritrim. Pores are lined with hairy sieves. The bristled filter prevents the ingress of dust, germs and water.
2. Trachea or trachea: Trachea is the main respiratory organ of grasshopper. It is fine, elastic and branched. Trachea wall consists of three layers. outer epidermis, middle epithelial and inner intima. Inside the trachea the intima forms a spiral or ring-like ring. These rings are called tinidia. Trachea never goes silent because of tineaea. The main trachea are arranged longitudinally and transversely to form 3 pairs of tracheal cords. These are the dorsal longitudinal tracheal cord, the lateral longitudinal tracheal cord, and the lateral longitudinal tracheal cord. Air flows through the trachea to the entire body.
3. Tracheole: The trachea divides to form fine branches called tracheole. It is unicellular, without intima and tinidia and unbranched. Its diameter is 1 µm. It is filled with fluid. Oxygen and CO2 circulate in this liquid. Some branches of the trachea expand to form air sacs. Air is stored in the air sac. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The nymph stage consists of amoebocyte cells floating in the hemocele. All these cells collect secretions from the blood and store them under the cuticle. During molting, the old cuticle along with the stored secretions are released.

The mushroom gland of male grass gharang contains uricos gland. They absorb excretory products from hemoceles and store them as uric acid. Uric acid is then excreted with the spermatozoa.

The cells that store urea as urate are called urate cells. Urate cells mainly store protein, carbohydrates and fats as modified substances. In addition, it stores some uric acid in the hemolymph as urate. Dr. Siddiq Publications

Malpighian tubule absorbs water, potassium urate and CO2 from the blood. Inside the tubules, water, CO2 and potassium urate react together to produce potassium bicarbonate and uric acid. In these, potassium bicarbonate and water are reabsorbed and returned to the blood. Uric acid, on the other hand, passes into the rectum. Excess water from uric acid is absorbed in the colon and pure uric acid is excreted out of the body with stool.

Excretion is the process by which nitrogenous waste products produced by metabolism are removed from the body. The excretory process of grasshoppers is discussed below.
1. Malpighian tubule: Malpighian tubule absorbs water, potassium urate and CO2 from the blood. Inside the tubules, water, CO2 and potassium urate react together to produce potassium bicarbonate and uric acid. In these, potassium bicarbonate and water are reabsorbed and returned to the blood. Uric acid, on the other hand, passes into the rectum. Excess water from uric acid is absorbed in the colon and pure uric acid is excreted out of the body with stool.
2. Urate cells: The cells that store urea as urate are called urate cells. Urate cells mainly store protein, carbohydrates and fats as modified substances. In addition, it stores some uric acid in the hemolymph as urate. Dr. Siddiq Publications
3. Uricose Gland: The mushroom gland of male grass gharang contains uricos gland. They absorb excretory products from hemoceles and store them as uric acid. Uric acid is then excreted with the spermatozoa.
4. Cuticle: The nymph stage consists of amoebocyte cells floating in the hemocele. All these cells collect secretions from the blood and store them under the cuticle. During molting, the old cuticle along with the stored secretions are released.