Born-24 September 1898 AD and died-21 February 1968 AD. He is an Australian scientist. Chain and Florey succeeded in producing pure penicillin in 1940. Awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Born-19 June 1906 AD and died-12 August 1979 AD. He is a German-British biochemist. Chain and Florey succeeded in producing pure penicillin in 1940. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

Born-12 November 1896 AD and died-20 July 1987 AD. He was an Indian citizen. He is the best ornithologist and naturalist of South Asia. He emphasized on the recording, distribution and conservation of bird species of the Indian subcontinent. His books are – The Book of Indian Birds, Indian Hill Birds, Our Birds etc. Awards received Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan etc.

Born-6 August 1881 AD and died-11 March 1955 AD. He is an English biologist and pharmacologist. He discovered the enzyme called lysozyme in 1923. In 1928 Penicillin was discovered from Penicillium notatum. Did extensive research on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy. Awarded Nobel in Medicine, John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium, Albert Medal etc.

Born-5 September 1866 AD and died-4 December 1945 AD. He was a citizen of the United States. He is an American geneticist, evolutionary scientist, and embryologist. He proved that chromosomes are inside the cell nucleus and genes are located in chromosomes. Genes are arranged in sequence and are transmitted as hereditary traits. Describe the mechanism of transmission of hereditary characteristics. Chromosomal theory explains the linear arrangement of genes on chromosomes, crossing over and mutation. His books are – The Mechanism of Mendelism Heredity, The Theory of Gene, Heredity and Sex etc. Awarded Nobel (1933), Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1909).

Born-30 November 1858 AD and died-23 November 1937 AD. He is a Bangladeshi. He is a Bengali physicist, biologist and archaeologist. He was the first to discover radio and microwave optics. Invented the plant stimulation meter Crescograph. Awarded Fellow of the Royal Society.

Born-13 May 1857 AD and Died-16 September 1932 AD. He was a citizen of India and United Kingdom. He was a Scottish physician and bacteriologist. It is said to be the gateway to malaria prevention. He proved that the life cycle of the malaria germ takes place in the stomach of the mosquito. Awarded Nobel in Medicine (1902), James Tait Black Memorial.

Born-16 February 1848 AD and died-21 May 1935 AD. He was a native of the Netherlands. He is a proponent of mutation theory. He was commenting that evolution is caused by sudden change as a result of mutation. Describe the role of osmosis and the relationship between osmotic pressure and molecular weight of substances. Awarded Linnean Medal.

Born-17 January 1834 AD and died-5 November 1914 AD. He is a German scientist. He is the proponent of germplasm theory. Explains the transmission of hereditary material through germplasm theory. Lamarck disproves the theory of inheritance of acquired qualities. Awarded Darwin-Wallace Medal.

Born-27 December 1822 AD and died-28 September 1895 AD. He was a citizen of France. He is the inventor of the vaccine. He discovered the germs that cause rabies, anthrax, fowl cholera and silk moth diseases. Discovered vaccines for chicken cholera, cattle anthrax and rabies. Invented the method of pasteurization. Proves that the doctrine of spontaneous creation is incorrect.