The enzyme that is used to cut the specific part of the DNA is called restriction enzyme or RE. Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors or biological knives. When the DNA molecule is cut with a restriction enzyme, two ends are formed. One blunt end and the other sticky end. About 250 types of restriction enzymes have been obtained from bacteria. Scientist Hamilton Smith (Hamilton Smith) and his colleagues (1970) discovered restriction enzymes.

Bt gene is harmful to insects but not harmful to animals. The developed countries of the world have conducted extensive research on goats, chickens, fish, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, etc. and proved that Bt eggplant is not harmful. It has not been shown to be harmful to humans. So you can eat Bt brinjal without hesitation.

1. No need to apply pesticides. Production costs are low.
2. It is non-toxic and non-carcinogenic.
3. Soil and environment will be free of toxins.
4. Water bodies and water will be free of toxins.
5. Crop production will increase.
6. Crops are not destroyed because insect attacks do not occur.
7. Insecticides had to be applied 60-180 times to prevent insect infestation. Bt brinjal does not require pesticide application.

1. Bt Uttara

2. Bt Kajla

3. Bt nayantara

4. Bt ISD006

Bt brinjal (Bt) has been produced by introducing genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into brinjal. Besides, these eggplants have been inserted with antibodies and anti-microbial genes. Bt eggplant is a pest and disease resistant variety. Bt brinjal was developed by Mayaco Company of Maharashtra, India.

Crops produced with disease resistance through genetic modification are called GM crops. More than 30 countries in the world are producing GM (Genetically Modified Crop) crops. Bt brinjal is the first GM food crop in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh distributed four varieties of Bt brinjal to farmers on 22 January 2014.

1. Food contains excess protein which is harmful to the body.
2. May cause allergies.
3. Native crops may be lost.
4. Common people have to depend on food producing companies.
5. Normal market systems can fall into the hands of unscrupulous traders.
6. Pests can become resistant to pesticides.
7. Adverse reactions occur on normal ecosystems.
8. Antibiotic resistance genes can harm the human body.
9. Allergens, carcinogens (cancer-causing) etc. can be created in the human body.
10. The purity of the genes may be compromised.
11. In nature, herbicide-resistant weeds may develop.
12. Creating transgenic organisms is expensive and time-consuming.

1. Crops are high yielding and tolerant to environmental stress such as cold, drought, heat, salinity etc.
2. Food quality improves. Golden rice contains high levels of beta-carotene and soybeans contain omega-3s.
3. Quality of animals increases.
4. Crops are resistant to germs, insects and weeds.
5. Eco friendly and pollution free.
6. Food needs have been met.
7. It is possible to produce more food in less space.
8. Transgenic crops reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
9. Crop loss during storage is minimal.
10. Soil fertility is maintained. So no need to spend extra.

All the organisms that are created with different types of immunity by genetic modification are called GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) or GEO (Genetically Engineered Organism)). This organism is produced by transgenesis method.
In 1995, the first GMO food was declared safe for human consumption in America. By 1999, about 50% of crops, including cotton and soybeans, were known to be GM. In 2010, 9.8 million square kilometers of land in 29 countries of the world came under GM food crops. At present Argentina, Brazil, America, Switzerland, Canada, India etc. countries produce 90% GM food grains.

Dr. Md. Abu Bakkar Siddiq

BSc Honors (first class), MSc (first class), M. Phil, Ph. D

(Rajshahi University, Bangladesh)

Best Teacher and Gold Medalist-2011, 2012 and 2013 

Writer, Researcher and Teacher

Birshrestha Munshi Abdur Rouf Public College

BGB Head Quarter

Peelkhana

Dhaka

Bangladesh.

Dr. Siddiq Publications

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