Glyphosate is a deadly weed killer. 76 of the 78 weeds in the world are destroyed by glyphosate. It also causes extensive damage to crop plants. So glyphosate has to be used very carefully. Transgenic crops (cotton, soybeans) have been created by introducing enzyme-producing genes from bacteria into crop plants. Glyphosate does not harm these transgenic plants. Therefore, glyphosate herbicides are being safely applied to transgenic crops.

Gene markers are used to detect whether recombinant DNA has changed after it has been introduced into a cell. R-plasmid is a widely used gene marker. It contains the tetracycline antibiotic resistance gene.

DNA probes are used to check whether the gene sequence is correct in a piece of DNA. DNA probes contain 20-200 nucleotides. It is used to evaluate the expression of recombinant DNA

Hereditary diseases are difficult to cure. Antithrombin-III from transgenic goat milk and III C12 esterase inhibitor drugs from transgenic rabbit milk have been produced by recombinant DNA technology. Antithrombin-III drugs are used in the treatment of human antithrombin deficiency and III C12 esterase inhibitor drugs in the treatment of human angioedema. Efforts are underway to eradicate hereditary diseases by discovering more drugs through this technology. Transgenic animals are used as bioreactors to produce drugs from their milk, blood and urine. This is called molecular farming. These medicines are used to cure many diseases.

The term Transgenic is composed of trans meaning transfer and genic meaning gene. Transgenic means genetically modified organism. An improved quality animal is created by taking a gene from one cell and adding it to another cell is called transgenic animal. Transgenic animals are developed for economic gain. Methods such as transformation, microinjection, electroporation, mediated gene transfer etc. are used to create transgenic animals.

1. Virus resistant plants: carpus, potato, tomato, watermelon, cucumber etc.
2. Pest resistant plants: carpus, potato, tobacco, rapeseed etc.
3. Weed Resistant Plants: Carpus, Potato, Tomato, Bhutra, Tobacco etc.
4. Protein storage plants: rice, soybean, sunflower etc.
5. More nutritious plants: Paddy, Wheat, Bhutra etc.
6. Transformed mature plants: Tomato.
7. Agglutinin plant: Bhutra.
8. Nematode resistant plants: Tobacco.

The word Transgenic is composed of trans meaning transfer and genic meaning gene. Transgenic means genetically modified organism. A plant of improved quality is created by taking a gene from one cell and adding it to another cell is called a transgenic plant. Transgenic crops are being cultivated commercially to increase their economic importance. Methods such as pollen mediated transformation, microinjection, electroporation, mediated gene transfer etc. are used to create transgenic plants.
Transgenic crops are grown in about 30 countries around the world. Transgenic plants have been developed in 60 higher plant species in the world. These plants are wheat, bhutra, tomato, tobacco, cotton, papaya, rye, sunflower, pear, grape etc. 40% of corn, 50% of cotton and 45% of soybeans grown in America are transgenic crops.

The role of medical

1. Vaccine

Gene engineering technology is used to make vaccines or vaccines for various diseases. These vaccines are used to treat infectious diseases like Measles, Polio, Smallpox, Tuberculosis, Rabies, Cholera, Mumps, Hepatitis-B etc. At present, efforts are being made to make effective vaccines for various diseases including corona. It will be possible to ensure the protection of human health by discovering new vaccines.

2. Control of birth diseases

It is difficult to cure hereditary diseases. Antithrombin-III from transgenic goat milk and III C12 esterase inhibitor drugs from transgenic rabbit milk have been developed by recombinant DNA technology. Antithrombin-III drugs are used in the treatment of human antithrombin deficiency and III C12 esterase inhibitor drugs in the treatment of human angioedema. Efforts are underway to eradicate hereditary diseases by discovering more drugs through this technology. Each human cell contains up to 25,000 (many more are unknown) functional genes. A disorder in one of the genes can cause the disease. About 3500 genetic disorders are known in human body. This disease can be cured by recombinant DNA technology.

3. Insulin production

Insulin is a type of hormone. Insulin is commercially produced using recombinant DNA technology. It controls diabetes in humans by accelerating blood glucose uptake levels. So diabetics take insulin.

4. Interferon production

Interferon is a high molecular weight protein. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells and inactivates viruses. Interferon is produced from E. coli and yeast through genetic engineering. It is used in the treatment of hepatitis-B, herpes, papilloma, rabies etc. Interferon was discovered in 1957 by Alec Isaacs and Jean Lindenman.

5. Growth or growth hormone production

human growth regulating somatotrophin hormone is commercially produced through recombinant DNA technology. It is used in the treatment of dwarfism. 6-10 mg of growth hormone per week increases height by more than 6 cm in the first year.

6. Prevention of emphysema of the lungs

Emphysema is a deadly disease of the lungs. AAT protein is used to prevent this disease. AAT protein is being produced commercially by genetic engineering. So prevention of lung emphysema is only a matter of time.

7. Gene therapy

Cure of genetic diseases is not an easy matter. However, it has been possible to cure this disease in the process of gene therapy. Viruses modified in the process of genetic engineering are used in the process of gene therapy.

8. Baby test

Amniosis gene technology diagnoses the disease or abnormality of the baby in the mother’s womb.

9. Molecular farming

Using transgenic animals as bioreactors, drugs are made from their milk, blood and urine. This is called molecular farming. These medicines are used to cure many diseases. TPA is obtained from the milk of transgenic goats developed in America.

10. Biofarming

Large scale production of pharmaceutical products is called biofarming. Goats are producing life-saving Anticoagulant antithrombin at very low cost through biofarming process. Strong spider silk is produced from GMO goat milk. Insulin is being produced through safflower seeds.

11. Enzyme production

Enzymes such as zymase, protease, lipase, phycin (deworming) etc. are commercially produced in the process of genetic engineering.

12. Keeping the environment free from pollution

Disease resistant plants have been created through recombinant DNA technology. These plants do not need to apply fungicides and insecticides. As a result, the environment is free from pollution. Such an environment is conducive to health.

13. Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a congenital disease. A hemophilia patient’s blood cannot clot if it is cut somewhere. Some factor genes block this function. Medicines are made by isolating factors from sheep’s milk with the help of bacteria in gene technology. This medicine is used to treat hemophilia.

14. Hereditary diagnosis and treatment

If one of the parents has a hereditary disease, 50% of the children will be affected by that disease. Hereditary diseases cannot be cured. Hereditary diseases are currently being diagnosed and cured through genetic engineering.

15. Hepatitis-B

Hepatitis-B vaccine has been prepared by introducing the antigen-producing gene of the virus into tobacco plants through TMV. Like vaccines, tobacco does not need to be refrigerated. Tobacco will be administered directly as a vaccine.

16. Monoclonal antibody

The antibody that is produced under the influence of a specific antigen is called monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies are used in maternal diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rejection of transplanted organs.

17. Anticoagulant production

Transgenic Brassica napus plants have been created by introducing anticoagulant genes called hirudin into Brassica napus plants. The seeds of this plant yield hirudin which is extracted and used.

Antibodies that are produced under the influence of a specific antigen are called monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are used in maternal diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rejection of transplanted organs.

Large scale production of pharmaceutical products is called biopharming. Goats are producing life-saving Anticoagulant antithrombin at very low cost through biofarming process. Strong spider silk is produced from GMO goat milk. Insulin is being produced through safflower seeds.