Agricultural biotechnology has contributed in disease free plant production, development of high yielding varieties, micropropagation, somatic hybridization, pollination culture, somaclonal variation, generation of transgenic plants, tissue culture etc.

Blue biotechnology is the application of biotechnology in aquatic and marine fields. Blue biotechnology has contribution in keeping aquatic environment clean, production of transgenic fish, augmentation of fishery resources, locating of fish, understanding of aquatic plants etc.

Application of biotechnology in industry is white biotechnology. White biotechnology contributes in insulin production, hormone production, enzyme production, interferon production, molecular farming, biofarming, bioenergy production, biogas, detergents, leather, dairy industry etc.

What is red biotechnology?
Application of biotechnology in medical field is red biotechnology. Red Biotechnology has contributed in diagnosis, cure of hereditary diseases, health improvement, gene therapy, DNA vaccine application, insulin production, hormone production, enzyme production, interferon production, lung emphysema prevention, hemophilia, molecular farming, biofarming etc.

Application of biotechnology in agriculture is green biotechnology. Green biotechnology has a role in production of healthy seedlings, micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, embryo culture, somatic hybridization, in-vitro selection, pollination culture, somaclonal variation, generation of transgenic plants, propagation of seedless plants etc.

1. According to the scientist Coleman (Colman, 1968), biotechnology is the technology applied to produce new plants, animals, microorganisms or products with improved properties that are useful for the welfare of humanity using living plants, animals, microorganisms or their parts.
2. According to scientist Spinks (Spinks, 1980), biotechnology is the use of biological methods or microorganisms for the production and use of products in industrial plants.
3. According to scientist Bull (Bull et. al., 1982), biotechnology is the application of scientific and technological principles to produce and use products through biological agents.
4. According to British biotechnologists, biotechnology is the application of an organism or methods using organisms in production and related industries.
5. According to the US National Science Foundation, biotechnology is the controlled use of microorganisms or other cellular organisms for human benefit.
6. The definition of the European Federation of Biotechnology is – Biotechnology is the practical or industrial application of organisms or biological derivatives.

The Sumerians and Babylonians started using biotechnology around 6000 BC. 4000 BC Egyptians made bread through biotechnology. In 1919, the Hungarian engineer Karl Erekh (Karl Erekh) first introduced the term Biotechnology. In 1920 Leeds City Council in England first used the term Biotechnology. Scientist Louis Pasteur (Louis Pasteur) is called the father of biotechnology because he first applied the fermentation process with the help of microorganisms.

The word Biotechnology is formed from bios meaning life and technology meaning technology. Biotechnology means technology of life or biotechnology. Biotechnology is a modern and applied branch of science. Biotechnology is the method of making beneficial and usable goods for human beings by following and applying scientific and engineering principles through appropriate use of organisms. Since ancient times, people have been making curd and chickpeas from milk, fermented liquor from sugars, vinegar or alcohol from molasses, antibiotics from microorganisms, etc. At present, transgenic organisms, synthetic genes, polymerase chain etc. are being produced through gene technology. Because tissue culture is done entirely in a glass dish, it is called in-vitro culture.

A sprained patient must RICE.

RICE = Rest + Ice + Compression + Elevation

1. The sprained limb should be kept elevated.
2. Complete rest with crepe bandage for 2-3 weeks.
3. The sprained limb cannot be moved.
4. No massage can be used.
5. Ice the sprained area every 30 minutes for the first two days to reduce pain.
6. Applying warm compresses every two days to increase blood circulation.
7. Temporary plaster can be applied.
8. The first week should be walked with a stick or crutches.
9. An extra elastic bandage on the leg is good when walking.
10. The patient should take Aspirin or Diclofenac tablets on a full stomach to reduce pain.

1. Abnormal swelling.
2. severe pain
3. Pain increases with limb movement.
4. Fibrous damage occurs at the site of injury.
5. The affected area turns black.
6. Bleeding occurs when the ligament tears.
7. Muscle spasms occur.
8. Difficulty walking.