The two dark red lumps on either side of the trachea are called thyroid glands. Female thyroid gland is more prominent than male. Its weight is 20-25 grams. Three active hormones are secreted from this gland.
(i) Thyroxine hormone (Thyroxine-T4): 95% of the hormones released from the thyroid gland are thyroxine hormones. This hormone regulates body metabolism and growth. Helps in the expression of sexual symptoms. Increases heart function. Increases milk production.
(ii) Calcitosine: It regulates calcium levels in the body, phosphate metabolism and vitamin-U production.
(iii) Tri-iodothyronine-T3 : It regulates metabolism, heart rate, protein synthesis, fetal development, sensitivity etc.