(i) Somoclonal variation through tissue culture technique is used to produce numerous new varieties of plants in a very short time by selecting superior and superior clones. Disease resistant varieties, pesticide resistant plants, drought resistant plants etc. have been created through semiclonal variation. AdhI is an improved variety of wheat produced through semiclonal variation.
(ii) New hybrid plants or cybrids are created by mating the protoplasts of two plants with different characteristics in the process of cybridization through tissue culture technology. Cybrids contain a combination of heterozygous mitochondria and chloroplasts with advanced characteristics. Cybrids have been created in plants like potato, tomato, petunia, lemon, tobacco etc. Pomato cybrid plants have been created by mating protoplasts of potato and tomato plants.
(iii) Recombinant DNA technology is used to create desired genomes by introducing desired genes from micro-organisms, plants or animals into cultured embryos or cells. In tissue culture technology, full-fledged transgenic plants are created from these embryos or cells. In this process, insect resistant plants, herbicide resistant plants, high nutritional quality plants (golden rice, potato, soybean, tomato, cotton, tobacco) etc. have been created.