The last part of grasshopper’s body is called abdomen. It is long, narrow, soft and scaly. Its abdomen is made up of 11 segments. On the surface of the abdomen is the targum and on the phalanges is the sternum. But there are not so many pleurons. Its first fragment is incomplete. It contains only the targum. Abdominal organs are:
(i) Tympanum: The first abdominal segment contains the auditory sac or tympanum. There is an oval tympanic membrane surrounding the eardrum.
(ii) Spiracle: There are 8 pairs of spiracles in each segment from the first to the eighth segment of the abdomen. Air enters the body through it.
(iii) Anus and Genitals: The ninth segment of the male has the subgenital plate, the 10th segment has the anal sac and the 11th supra-anal plate and anus. But there is no anal style. The 11th abdominal segment contains the anus and the anal plate. Female grasshopper- ninth segment contains egg-laying organ ovipositor. The ovipositor is composed of 4 smooth lobes. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The thoracic region has three pairs of walking legs. Moths are called hexapoda because they have six legs on their body. Each leg has five segments. Coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. Coxa stout and triangular. Trochanter is small and triangular. The femur is long, cylindrical and strong. The femur is large and fleshy. The tarsus is divided into three smaller segments. These segments are called tarsomere. At the junction of the two tarsomeres there is a velvety cushion called the plantula. The last segment of the tarsus is called the pretarsus. The tip of the pretarsus has a pair of curved claws. Between the claws is a soft, hairy cushion called the palvulus. Their leg femurs are long and fleshy which is useful for jumping. This type of foot is called saltatory foot.

Grasshoppers have two pairs of wings in the thoracic region. Medial thoracic or forewing and hind thoracic or hind wing. The front wings are short, narrow and stiff. They do not help to fly. These only cover the hind wings. Hence their elytra or wing cover or tegmina. The hind wings are large, broad, translucent and curtain-like. They help to fly. At rest the hind wings are folded. Each wing is composed of numerous small ducts and blood-filled veins. They are called nerves. Dr. Siddiq Publications

There are two pairs of spiracles in the thoracic region. There is a pair of spiracles between the anterior and middle thorax and another pair between the middle and posterior thorax. Air enters the body through it.
There are 8 pairs of spiracles in each segment from the first to the eighth segment of the abdomen. Air enters the body through it.Dr. Siddiq Publications

(i) Spiracle: There are two pairs of spiracles in the thoracic region. There is a pair of spiracles between the anterior and middle thorax and another pair between the middle and posterior thorax. Air enters the body through it. Dr. Siddiq Publications
(ii) Wings: Grasshoppers have two pairs of wings in the thoracic region. Medial thoracic or forewing and hind thoracic or hind wing. The front wings are short, narrow and stiff. They do not help to fly. These only cover the hind wings. Hence their elytra or wing cover or tegmina. The hind wings are large, broad, translucent and curtain-like. They help to fly. At rest the hind wings are folded. Each wing is composed of numerous small ducts and blood-filled veins. They are called nerves. Dr. Siddiq Publications
(iii) Legs: The thoracic region has three pairs of walking legs. Moths are called hexapoda because they have six legs on their body. Each leg has five segments. Coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. Coxa stout and triangular. Trochanter is small and triangular. The femur is long, cylindrical and strong. The femur is large and fleshy. The tarsus is divided into three smaller segments. These segments are called tarsomere. At the junction of the two tarsomeres there is a velvety cushion called the plantula. The last segment of the tarsus is called the pretarsus. The tip of the pretarsus has a pair of curved claws. Between the claws is a soft, hairy cushion called the palvulus. Their leg femurs are long and fleshy which is useful for jumping. This type of foot is called saltatory foot.

The thoracic sclerite is called sternum. Sternum with a single sclerite. Dr. Siddique Publications

The lateral sclerite of thorax is called pleuron. Each lateral pleuron consists of three sclerites. Episternum, epimeron and parateron.

Dorsal sclerite of thorax is called targum. The thoracic targa are called notum. The targum of prothorax is called pronotum, the targum of mesothorax is called mesonotum and the targum of metathorax is called metanotum. Pronotum large, broad and elongated. The dorsal tergum consists of four sclerites. Prescutum, scutum, scutellum and postscutellum.

The posterior part of the mandible is called thorax. It is divided into three parts. Anterior thorax or prothorax, middle thorax or mesothorax and posterior thorax or metathorax. Each segment is covered by a cuticle made of chitin. It is called sclerite. The thoracic sclerite consists of three segments. Targum, pleuron and sternum. Dr. Siddiq Publications

The posterior part of the mandible is called thorax. It is divided into three parts. Anterior thorax or prothorax, middle thorax or mesothorax and posterior thorax or metathorax. Each segment is covered by a cuticle made of chitin. It is called sclerite. The thoracic sclerite consists of three segments. Targum, pleuron and sternum. Dr. Siddiq Publications
(i) Targum: Dorsal sclerite of thorax is called targum. The thoracic targa are called notum. The targum of prothorax is called pronotum, the targum of mesothorax is called mesonotum and the targum of metathorax is called metanotum. Pronotum large, broad and elongated. The dorsal tergum consists of four sclerites. Prescutum, scutum, scutellum and postscutellum.
(ii) Pleuron: The lateral sclerite of thorax is called pleuron. Each lateral pleuron consists of three sclerites. Episternum, epimeron and parateron.
(iii) Sternum: The thoracic sclerite is called sternum. Sternum with a single sclerite. Dr. Siddique Publications